The endocrine glands | The hormones I | The adrenal gland | The GI tract hormones | Hormones secreted by organs |
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Which are the endocrine glands within the brain?
Pineal, pituitary, hypothalamus
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Which hormone is produced by the pineal gland?
Melatonin
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Name the three categories of steroid hormones
Mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, sex steroids
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Which are the three best-known GI hormones and where are produced?
Gastrin- Stomach, Secretin-Duodenum, Cholecystokinin(CCK)-Duodenum
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Name two hormones secreted by the fat cells
Leptin and cortisol
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Which are the endocrine glands in the neck?
Thyroid and parathyroid
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Which hormones the thyroid gland produces?
Triiodothyronine (T3) Thyroxine (T4) Calcitonin
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What are Estradiol, Testosterone, Progesterone, Aldosterone, Cortisol?
Example of steroid hormones
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Which hormones are produced by the pancreas?
Insulin, Glucagon, Somatostatin, Pancreatic polypeptide
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Which hormone is produced by the bone?
Osteocalcin
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Which are the two largest tissues in the body secreting endocrine factors?
Skeletal muscle and bone
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Which hormones are produced by the gonads?
Androgens, estrogens, progestins
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Which is a glucocorticoid stimulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?
Cortisol
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What is the gut-brain axis?
It is the interaction between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain
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Which hormones are produced by the kidney?
Calcitriol, erythropoietin (EPO)
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Which are the parts of the adrenal gland?
Cortex and medulla
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Name two hormones that are also neurotransmitters
Epinephrine, Norepinephrine
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Which parts of the adrenal gland secrete steroid hormones, epinephrine and norepinephrine?
Adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex
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Example of GI tract hormones acting as neuropeptides in the brain
CCK, Ghrelin, peptide YY, Glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2, NPY, SOM
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Which is the function of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?
It opposes to increase in blood pressure by causing vasodilation and reduced reabsorption of water and sodium ions through its action on the kidneys.
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Which gland is a point of interaction between endocrine neural and immune systems?
thymus gland
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Give an example of two hormones which have antagonistic actions
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin
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The sympathetic branch of the ANS controls the secretion of hormones from the adrenal medulla. Which type of communications is it?
Neuroendocrine communication
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What is the enteric nervous system?
It is a branch of the ANS which innervates the GI system with sensory neurons, motor neurons and interneurons where GI peptides act as chemical signals together with neurotransmitters.
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Which process does irisin stimulate when released by the skeletal muscle?
Browning.
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