| The pituitary gland | The pituitary anatomy | The neurohypophysis | The adenohypophysis | The intermediate lobe |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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What is the other name for pituitary?
Hypophysis.
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Which are the parts of the pituitary?
Neurohypophysis, adenohypophysis
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Where are the magnocellular secretory cells located?
SON PVN
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Which are the six hormones produced by the anterior pituitary?
Growth hormones (GH), prolactin (PRL), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ATCH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), gonadotropic hormones (FSH, LH)
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Which hormones are produced by the intermediate lobe?
Alfa-MSH and beta-endorphin
|
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Where is the pituitary located?
Attached to the hypothalamus at the base
of the brain by the stalk. |
What are the neurohypophysis/posterior pituitary/ pars nervosa; adenohypophysis/anterior pituitary/pars distalis; intermediate pituitary/ pars intermedia; stalk/infundibulum?
Nomenclature of the pituitary anatomy
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Which hormones do magnocellular cells secrete?
Oxytocin and vasopressin
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What are the cell names that produce the six hormones?
Somatotroph, lactotroph, corticotroph, thyrotroph, gonadotroph cells
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Which peptide derived from POMC?
Beta-endorphin, ACTH, alfa-MSH
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Which is the role of the pituitary hormones?
To stimulate endocrine glands to
synthetize and produce their own hormones. |
Describe how the neurohypophysis communicates with its target cells in the body.
The axons of the hypothalamic neurons project to the posterior pituitary where they released their hormones to the inferior hypophyseal artery that is part of the body circulatory system.
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What are the pituicytes?
They are supporting cells surrounding the axon terminals in the posterior pituitary.
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Which is the most abundant hormone in the anterior pituitary?
Growth hormone
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Which part does also release beta-endorphin?
Anterior pituitary
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How is the neural-endocrine interaction?
Internal and external stimuli can influence the release of hormones from the pituitary through the hypothalamus-pituitary connection.
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What is the function of the hypophyseal portal system?
It carries the hormones released by the hypothalamic neurosecretory projecting to the median eminence to the anterior pituitary.
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What are the neruophysins and which is their function?
They are large proteins that functions as carrier for oxytocin and vasopressin.
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In which part of the adrenal gland ACTH act?
Adrenal cortex
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Which cells release alfa-MSH?
Melanophors
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What is the role of the hypothalamus?
The real master gland.
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What tissue characterized the stalk of the pituitary?
It is characterized by nerve axons travelling to the posterior pituitary and blood vessels that connect the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary.
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What is the function of vasopressin?
It acts to raise blood pressure and to promote water reabsorption from the kidney.
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Which cells form a complex network of star-shaped cells, which wires together and are responsible for information transfer via paracrine signaling in the anterior pituitary?
Folliculostellate cells
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Which is an important alfa-MSH source?
Hypothalamus
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