According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories of which we are unaware.

The ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.

A personality test that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one’s inner dynamics.

Theory that personality is made up of characteristic patterns of behavior as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports.

Group prioritization and identification, which is more likely to shape the personalities of those living in Asian cultures.

In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.

People refuse to believe or even perceive painful realities.

A questionnaire on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits.

The perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate.

Followers of Freud, including Adler, Horney, and Jung, who criticized Freud’s emphasis on unconscious sexual motivations and fixations and formed the psychodynamic theory.

Part of the personality that strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives and demands immediate gratification.

People offer self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one’s actions.

The most widely used projective test, which uses a set of 10 inkblots to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots.

The perception that you control your own fate.

According to Freud, a boy’s sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father.

Part of the personality that represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment and for future aspirations.

People disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others.

The most widely used of all personality tests.

A caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance.

Carl Jung’s concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species’ history.

A lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved.

People re-channel their unacceptable impulses into socially approved activities.

A projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes.

The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment.

All five of the Big Five factors of personality.