Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances.

A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process.

In the Stanford Prison Experiment, the prisoners and the guards.

A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other.

Picking AP Psychology students’ names out of a hat to determine their seats is an example of this experimental technique.

A testable prediction.

A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a random sample.

In an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the treatment; contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment.

A statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance; can be used to establish a causal relationship through experimentation and replication.

The more caffeine you drink, the less time it takes you to navigate the maze is an example of this type of correlation.

An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events.

Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation.

In the Stanford Prison Experiment, power.

Of the following coefficients, the one indicating the weakest correlation between two variables: -1, -0.75, 0.25, 0.5, 1.

This psychologist’s obedience studies are now considered unethical because they did not protect participants from harm.

The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it.

An observation technique in which one person or a single group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.

In the Stanford Prison Experiment, rebellious/aggressive behavior.

The median of the following distribution: 2, 6, 4, 9, 1, 7.

The extent to which a test yields consistent results AND the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to.

A statement of the procedures used to define research variables.

An experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo.

In the Stanford Prison Experiment, mental illness.

If one student earned an A on the first unit test while everyone else earned a D, the graph of this distribution would be skewed in this direction (normal, positive, or negative).

The four ethical principles developed by the APA in 1992.