The process by which an electrically stable (neutral) atom gains or loses electrons and thereby acquires a positive or negative charge.

The positive side of the dental x-ray tube.

The control that affects the quality (contrast) of the radiograph.

The component of the dental film packet that is meant to absorb unused x-radiation.

Radiographs that are taken for reasons not related to the patient's immediate dental health needs.

The term that is defined as the emission and propagation of energy through space or a substance in the form of waves or particles.

The component of the dental x-ray tube that is also known as the focal spot or area.

When the x-ray tube is placed in the rear part of the tube head.

The most commonly used receptor (film or digital sensor) size in dental radiography.

One of the most important factors in reducing radiation exposure to the patient that limits the direct facial skin exposure.

The pioneer credited with the discovery of the x-ray in 1895.

The tungsten filament is surrounded by this component that is made of molybdenum and directs electrons toward the positive side of the tube.

An overall gray appearance of a radiographic image that is due to diminished contrast and degrades the diagnostic capabilities of the dental film.

The two types of direct digital sensors used in digital radiography.

The minimum amount of aluminum filtration that is required for a dental x-ray unit operating at 70 kV or higher.

A grouping of waves that are all weightless and travel at the speed of light (186,000 miles per second) and differ in their wavelengths, frequencies, and penetrating abilities.

The production or "boiling off" of electrons from the heated tungsten filament.

"The intensity of radiation varies inversely with the square of the distance from the source of radiation."

The color of light that is produced by the rare earth intensifying screen used in conventional panoramic radiographic procedures.

The descriptions of clinical conditions and historical data that identify patients who are most likely to benefit from a particular radiographic examination.

The formation of x-rays at the atomic level that is produced when the release of a photon of energy by a bombarding electron slowed and bent off course by an atom.

99% of the energy produced in the dental x-ray tube is heat; the other 1% produced is this.

The receptor is held parallel to the long axis of the tooth and the central ray is directed perpendicular to the tooth and the receptor.

A direct positive emulsion.

The concept stating that the ultimate objective in radiation protection is to use the least amount of radiation to obtain the maximum diagnostic yield.