Mental Health | Maternal Newborn | GI | Medications | Additional topics |
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Manifestations of serotonin syndrome
SHIVERING
HYPERREFLEXIA INCREASED TEMP VITALS SIGN INSTABILITY ENCEPHALOPATHY RESTLESSNESS SWEATING |
Treatment for Supine hypotension
Encourage the client to engage in maternal positioning on the left lateral side, semi-Fowler’s position
Supine position only with the placement of a wedge under one of the client’s hips to tilt the uterus and avoid supine hypotension syndrome |
GERD infant education
Thicken infants formula with 1 tsp to 1 tbsp rice cereal per 1 oz formula.
Avoid foods that cause reflux (caffeine, citrus, peppermint, spicy or fried foods) Position the child with the head elevated after meals. Place infants supine to sleep, rather than prone |
Bupropion (patient teaching related to when to expect the medication to take effect)
Therapeutic effect: 1-3 weeks
Suicide prevention (1 week) once med is started Serotonin Syndrome & NMS Take with food Can cause sexual dysfunction Increase risk of seizures (concurrent use w/ SSRIs) |
Complications of diabetes mellitus
HTN, myocardial infarction, stroke Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic neuropathy DKA: HHS: (Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar state) |
expected findings for the client with conduct disorder
Aggression to people and animals
Destruction of property Deceitfulness or theft Serious violations of rules **On MH Exam: coming from a large family - multiple siblings.** |
Abruptio placentae (most common risk factor)
Blunt external abdominal trauma (car crash, maternal battering)
Cocaine use resulting in vasoconstriction Maternal hypertension (chronic or gestational) Previous incidence of abruptio placentae Premature rupture of membranes Multi fetal pregnancy |
Nursing assessments and interventions for a client receiving TPN
Check capillary glucose every 4 to 6 hr for at least the first 24 hr.
Keep dextrose 10% in water at the bedside in case the solution is unexpectedly ruined or the next bag is not available. This will minimize the risk of hypoglycemia with abrupt changes in dextrose concentrations. NEVER ABRUPTLY STOP TPN SPEEDING UP/SLOWING DOWN RATE IS CONTRAINDICATED |
methylergonovine
Contraindicated for patients with HTN
Methylergonovine contracts the uterus and is used for emergency intervention for serious postpartum hemorrhage. Use with caution with maternal history of severe renal or hepatic disease, and sepsis. Use only after delivery, and not during labor. Administer methylergonovine IM after passage of placenta (IV administration is reserved for emergencies). Can be administered orally every 6 to 8 hr for one week to promote uterine involution. |
Nursing interventions for the post op client with low oxygen saturation (what comes first)
ABC’s BITCH- easy as 1,2,3 - HOB UP, OXYGEN, VITALS, CALL Surgeon if needed
● Place the client in semi-Fowler’s or Fowler’s position to promote chest expansion and to maximize ventilation. |
Clinical findings in anorexia nervosa
Low BP (possible orthostatic hypotension)
Decreased Pulse BRADYCARDIA Decreased Temp Find downy hair on face/back: lanugo amenorrhea Poor skin turgor, mottled skin |
Newborn vital sign
RR: 30 - 60/min short periods of sleep apnea less than 15 seconds
HR: 110-160 brief fluctuations above and below range depending on baby activity. BP: 60-80 systolic & 40 to 50 diastolic Temp: 97.7-99.5 O2: 93%-95% Head Cir: 32-36.8 cm Weight: 2500-4000 grams Glucose: 40-60 mg/dL |
Nursing management of NG tube to wall suction
Monitor for fluid and electrolyte imbalance (metabolic acidosis: low obstruction; alkalosis: high obstruction).
Maintain intermittent suction as prescribed Assess NG patency & placement Irrigate ever 4 hour or as prescribed Monitor/Assess gastric output Monitor nasal are for breakdown Provide oral hygiene every 2 hours |
patient controlled analgesia
Small, frequent dosing ensures consistent plasma levels.
● Clients have less lag time between identified need and delivery of medication, which increases their sense of control and can decrease the amount of medication they need. ● To prevent inadvertent overdosing, the client is the only person who should push the PCA button. |
Stage 1
nonblanchable erythema of intact skin
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Findings with major depressive disorder (MDD)
Anergia (lack of energy)
Anhedonia (lack of pleasure in normal activities) Anxiety Reports of sluggishness (most common), or feeling unable to relax and sit still The client most often looks sad with blunted affect. Poor grooming and lack of hygiene. Socially isolated, showing little or no effort to interact Slowed speech, decreased verbalization, delayed response |
Neural tube defects
Folic acid should be taken to decrease the risk of neural tube defects such as spina bifida
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Hepatitis C
ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION: Blood
Influenza‑like manifestations Fatigue Decreased appetite with nausea Abdominal pain Joint pain Fever Vomiting Dark‑colored urine Clay‑colored stool Jaundice |
Steps for administering Insulin: what is the process when mixing NPH and regular insulin
NRRN - No River Runs North
Draw: Clear b4 Cloudy |
HYPERGLYCEMIA S/S
POLYDIPSIA (EXTREME THIRST)
POLYPHAGIA (EXTREME HUNGER) POLYURIA (LARGE VOLUME OF DILUTE URINE) WEIGHT LOSS WARM/DRY SKIN DEHYDRATION (WEAK PULSE, LOWER SKIN TURGOR) FRUITY BREATH KUSSMAUL RESPIRATIONS (HIGHER RATE & DEPTH) N/V WEAKNESS LETHARGY INSULIN ORAL HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS (TYPE 2 ONLY) GOAL THERAPY - HBA1C - < 7% |
Suicide interventions
Primary interventions focus on suicide prevention through the use of community education and screenings to identify individuals at risk.
Secondary interventions focus on suicide prevention for an individual client who is having an acute suicidal crisis. Suicide precautions are included in this level of intervention. Tertiary interventions focus on providing support and assistance to survivors of a client who completed suicide. |
Newborn assessment
Apgar is the initial newborn assessment
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Paralytic ileus causes and prevention (postoperative nursing interventions and client education)
Can occur due to the absence of GI peristaltic activity caused by abdominal surgery or other physical trauma (Hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia can also cause this).
Monitor bowel sounds. ● Encourage ambulation. ● Advance the diet as tolerated when bowel sounds or flatus are present. ● Administer prokinetic agents (metoclopramide), as prescribed. ● The client can have an NG tube inserted to empty stomach contents |
Furosemide
Potassium depleting diuretics
Complications Dehydration HYPO (sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, mg: know S/S) Hypotension HYPERglycemia Ototoxicity ↓ HDL ↑ LDL Hypovolemia IV infuse @ 20 mg/min to AVOID HYPOTENSION SLOW PUSH OVER 1 MINUTE (20 mg is one minute, 40 mg is two minutes, etc.) |
What are the steps to inserting an NG tube?
-Pt in sitting or high fowlers
-Check nares for blockage -Measure the tube -Lubricate the tube( water-soluble) -Ask the pt to hyperextend the neck and breathe through the mouth -Insert the tube gently through the nostril advance as the pt swallows -Instruct the pt to tilt head forward drink water and swallow -Confirm with x-ray -Secure the tube to the nose and pts gown |