Significant conflict pitting France against Prussia and its allies; it emerged from tensions regarding German unification.

Fascist dictator of Germany from 1933-1945.

French military & political leader who rose to power during the latter stages of the French Rev. and its associated wars in Europe.

Extremely popular American author and humorist of the 1800s.

Radical anti-American Saudi multi-millionaire that sponsored terrorism against American targets in the 1990s & 2000s.

Conflict in the 1850s in which Russia lost to an alliance of France, Britain, and the Ottoman Empire.

President from 1933-1945. He is known for leading the U.S. out of the Great Depression and through World War II until his death.

Series of wars between the French Empire & opposing coalitions. French power collapsed after the disaster in Russia.

English writer and social critic. He is generally regarded as the greatest novelist of the Victorian period.

Dictator of Iraq that instigated 1990s Middle Eastern crises.

A world war that took place between 1754 and 1763 involving most of the great powers of the time.

Communist dictator of the Soviet Union from 1924-1953.

The fall of this medieval fortress and prison in Paris; a symbol of the abuses of the monarchy; flashpoint of the French Revolution

President of the United States from 1913-1921, during the time of the Mexican Revolution and World War I.

Pro-Soviet dictator of Cuba from 1959-2008.

Japanese defeated Russians in a series of battles on land & sea. Over time, it would transform the balance of power in East Asia.

British prime minister during the majority of World War II.

A fundamental document of the French Revolution; it defined the rights of individuals & everyone as universal.

German philosopher, economist, and revolutionary socialist who made the understanding of labor and its relation to capital.

Soviet Communist Party Secretary 1985-1991 when the Soviet Union dissolved. He initiated many reforms.

4th Arab-Israeli war (1973-1974); Israel won; Arabs boycotted oil shipments to Western nations causing an energy crisis.

Fascist dictator of Italy from 1922-1943.

Period of violence incited by conflict between rival political factions and marked by mass executions of tens of thousands.

American architect called the “father of modernism.” He is considered by many as the creator of the modern skyscraper.

Leader of revolutionary, communist, Russian group known as the Bolsheviks which took the nation; established the USSR.