Functions and Types of Muscles | The Sarcomere | Action Potentials of Muscle | The Synapse of Muscle | |
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What is the aponeurosis?
This is a flat sheet like tendon that connects muscle to connective tissue.
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What is the muscular system?
This systems function include: Gross body movement, stabilizing body positions, generate heartbeat, movement substances within the body, regulating organ volumes, producing body heat.
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What is myosin?
This protein composes the thick filament of the sarcomere.
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What are open (aka leaky), ligand gated, voltage gated, and active transport channels?
These are the four types of ion channels associated with action potentials of muscle.
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What is Ach (acetylcholine)?
Extracellular sodium (Na+) requires what hormone to enter sodium channels on the motor endplate.
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What is the sarcolemma?
This is the plasma membrane of the muscle cell.
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What is excitability?
This property of muscle allows the plasma membrane of muscle tissue to change electrical state and send an impulse along the membrane.
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What is calcium?
This molecule binds to troponin in order to activate the binding sites on the thin filament.
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What is a chlorine ion?
This ion is responsible for hyperpolarization of the membrane potential after depolarization.
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What are vesicles?
These are the storage sites of acetylcholine within the synaptic knob.
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What are epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium?
These are the three connective tissue layers of muscle from superficial to deep.
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What is elasticity?
This is the ability of muscle to return to its original length when relaxed
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What is the I band?
In the sarcomere this is the region where only the thin filament is found.
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What is polarization, depolarization, and hyperpolarization?
These are the three types of polarizations that a muscle cell experiences during the firing and recovery of an action potential, start with the resting membrane potential.
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What is acetylcholinesterase?
This is the enzyme that removes acetylcholine from the receptors on the motor endplates.
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What is storage and release of Ca++
This is the primary function of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)
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What is cardiac muscle?
This type of muscle is characterized by branched and striated cells, with 1-2 nuclei, and intercalated discs connecting between them.
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What are actin, troponin, and tropomyosin?
These are the three proteins that compose the thin filament.
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What is the resting membrane potential?
This state of a muscle cell can range in charge from 90mV to -70mV.
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What is a voltage gated channel?
This is the type of calcium channel that exists on the synaptic knob.
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What are the muscle body, fascicles, muscle fibers, myofibrils, myofilaments, and sarcomere?
In order these are the levels of organization from the muscle body down to the smallest functional unit, the sarcomere.
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What is skeletal muscle?
This type of muscle gives you voluntary control over contraction.
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What is a crossbridge?
This is the structure formed when actin binds to myosin heads.
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What is potassium (K+)?
This ion is in high concentration inside of a muscle cell prior to depolarization.
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This is the type of calcium channel that exists on the synaptic knob.
What are the terminal cisterns and the T-tubule?
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