Functions and Types of Muscles The Sarcomere Action Potentials of Muscle The Synapse of Muscle
100
What is the aponeurosis?
This is a flat sheet like tendon that connects muscle to connective tissue.
100
What is the muscular system?
This systems function include: Gross body movement, stabilizing body positions, generate heartbeat, movement substances within the body, regulating organ volumes, producing body heat.
100
What is myosin?
This protein composes the thick filament of the sarcomere.
100
What are open (aka leaky), ligand gated, voltage gated, and active transport channels?
These are the four types of ion channels associated with action potentials of muscle.
100
What is Ach (acetylcholine)?
Extracellular sodium (Na+) requires what hormone to enter sodium channels on the motor endplate.
200
What is the sarcolemma?
This is the plasma membrane of the muscle cell.
200
What is excitability?
This property of muscle allows the plasma membrane of muscle tissue to change electrical state and send an impulse along the membrane.
200
What is calcium?
This molecule binds to troponin in order to activate the binding sites on the thin filament.
200
What is a chlorine ion?
This ion is responsible for hyperpolarization of the membrane potential after depolarization.
200
What are vesicles?
These are the storage sites of acetylcholine within the synaptic knob.
300
What are epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium?
These are the three connective tissue layers of muscle from superficial to deep.
300
What is elasticity?
This is the ability of muscle to return to its original length when relaxed
300
What is the I band?
In the sarcomere this is the region where only the thin filament is found.
300
What is polarization, depolarization, and hyperpolarization?
These are the three types of polarizations that a muscle cell experiences during the firing and recovery of an action potential, start with the resting membrane potential.
300
What is acetylcholinesterase?
This is the enzyme that removes acetylcholine from the receptors on the motor endplates.
400
What is storage and release of Ca++
This is the primary function of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)
400
What is cardiac muscle?
This type of muscle is characterized by branched and striated cells, with 1-2 nuclei, and intercalated discs connecting between them.
400
What are actin, troponin, and tropomyosin?
These are the three proteins that compose the thin filament.
400
What is the resting membrane potential?
This state of a muscle cell can range in charge from 90mV to -70mV.
400
What is a voltage gated channel?
This is the type of calcium channel that exists on the synaptic knob.
500
What are the muscle body, fascicles, muscle fibers, myofibrils, myofilaments, and sarcomere?
In order these are the levels of organization from the muscle body down to the smallest functional unit, the sarcomere.
500
What is skeletal muscle?
This type of muscle gives you voluntary control over contraction.
500
What is a crossbridge?
This is the structure formed when actin binds to myosin heads.
500
What is potassium (K+)?
This ion is in high concentration inside of a muscle cell prior to depolarization.
500
This is the type of calcium channel that exists on the synaptic knob.
What are the terminal cisterns and the T-tubule?






Anatomy of Muscle Fibers

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