| Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life | Chapter 3: Water and Life | Chapter 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life | Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules | Miscellaneous |
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What is the valence shell
The outermost shell of an atom
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What is a polar molecule
The type of molecule water is
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What is its ability to form four chemical bonds
What makes carbon so important
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What are carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids?
2x Points: What are lipids?
The four classes of large biological molecules
2x Points: Which one is not a molecular macromolecule? |
0-14. 0: acidic. 14: basic
Draw the pH scale and label acidic and basic ends.
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What are nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur
The six most common elements of life
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It is less dense as a solid than it is as a liquid. Caused by hydrogen bonding.
2x Points: What are cohesion, adhesion, high specific heat, high heat of vaporization, evaporative cooling, solid less dense than liquid.
Why does ice float on water and what causes this unique property?
2x Points: List at least 5 of the unique properties of water. |
What is the study of carbon compounds?
2x Points: Yes 2x Points: Urea
What is organic chemistry?
2x Points: Can these compounds be made abiotically? 2x Points: The formation of which compound told us so? |
What is a dehydration reaction
Carbohydrate and peptide polymerization are this kind of reaction
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What is RNA?
This molecule includes uracil rather than thymine
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What are hydrogen bonds and van der waals interactions
The two weakest chemical bonds/ interactions
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What is hydrogen ion concentration
What the pH scale measures
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Drawing must include a double bonded carbon and a set of atoms that constitute cis and trans isomers.
Draw an example of cis-trans isomers and label which is which
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What are unsaturated fats? Double bonding prevents tight packing of molecules.
These kinds of fats are typically liquid at room temperature. Why?
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What are tertiary and quaternary levels?
A mutation that affects a protein's secondary structure would influence these structural levels as well.
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What is 14C
2x Points: What are particles and energy
Which one is radioactive: 12C, 13C, 14C
2x Points: A radioactive isotope decays spontaneously, giving off _____ and ______ |
What is cohesion and adhesion
Water transportation in plants is possible due to these two properties of water
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What are carbon and hydrogen atoms? What is nonpolar? What is the hydrophobic tail?
1. Hydrocarbons are bonds between _____ atoms and ______ atoms. They are ______ (polar/nonpolar).
2. The part of a phospholipid bilayer that contains hydrocarbons |
What is the R group? 20.
The part of an amino acid that influences its chemical properties. How many of them exist.
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What are the 3' and 5' carbons?
The carbons on deoxyribose or ribose sugar that bond with phosphate groups to produce a polynucleotide.
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What are 17, 17, and 18?
The # of protons, electrons, and neutrons in the following atom: Atomic Number: 17 Mass Number: 35
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What are hydronium and hydroxide ion
When water loses a hydrogen ion, a _____ and a ______ are formed.
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Hydroxyl: -OH Carbonyl: -C=O Carboxyl: -COOH Amino: -NH2 Sulfhydryl: -SH Phosphate: -OPO32- Methyl: -CH3
Draw out and label at least 6 of the 7 functional groups from the book.
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Purines: A and G
Pyrimidines: C, T, and U
Designate A,T,G,C, and U as either a purine or a pyrimidine.
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Primary: Peptide bonds between amino acids. One polypeptide chain
Secondary: Hydrogen bonding between amino acids (not R groups) Tertiary: Ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges, hydrophobic interactions between one polypeptide chain Quaternary: Combination of two or more polypeptide chains.
List and give a brief description of each protein structural level
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