has all the trappings and symbols of democracy but citizens have little impact on government and few choices of candidates (similar to illiberal democracy)

a ceremonial role including meeting other nations' ambassadors, heads of state, etc. to serve as a symbol

companies in which a majority of ownership control is held by government

Name for the 6-year term of Mexican President

all political power & means of production are held by the government in the name of all the people.

people focus on the party they want to have more seats or jobs, not the individuals; every party passes a minimum number of votes

a process in a unitary system of delegating some decision making to local public bodies

Totally repressive regimes. These regimes have a strong ideological perspective and may even resort to violence to reach their goals.

Indicator of level of development for each country. Constructed by the United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy.

the total market value of all the goods & services produced within the borders of a nation during a specified period.

all the power is constitutionally (formally) given to the national government. ex. Great Britain, China, Iran

sits on opposition side facing the cabinet members

Extremely wealthy people that took advantage of the movement of privatization of Russia in the 1990s. They make fortunes out of the production of gas, construction, and TV stations through large companies.

Strategy for industrialization based on domestic manufacture of previously imported goods to satisfy domestic market demands.

Weighs income inequality

the right to rule or exercise power

allowed voters to rank candidates on the ballot in order of preference

Mao still unhappy with degree of inequality in Chinese society; utopian effort to transform China into a radical egalitarian society; based on four principles: all-around development, mass mobilization, political unanimity and zeal, and decentralization; program failed due to "backyards"

An informal way that citizens have used to participate in politics throughout history.

Incentives to economically liberalize/globalize

Where economic policy is negotiated between government, labor, & industry

Legislators who do not hold leadership positions within their party caucus or conference.

A reformer who opposed Mao during the Cultural Revolution, became Chairman of the People's Republic of China in 1976 after Mao's death; his goal was to modernize China by reforming its economy

Systems in which the government controls access to policy making by relying on state-sanctioned groups or single peak associations (SPAs) to represent labor, business, and agricultural sectors.

Example of adoption of social policies