the amount of space between two things, regions, or land masses.

the measure of restricting effect of distance on spatial interaction. The greater the distance, the greater the "friction" and the less the interaction or exchange, or the greater the cost of achieving the exchange.

A method of studying what people are doing and observing how their actions and reactions vary.

nearness in space, time or relationship.

the decrease or decay in interaction between two phenomena, places, or people as the distance between them increases

A geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships
Geographers looking at the way people interact with their environment in different regions of the world

is the reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation systems.

the frequency with which something occurs in space.

An approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena.

the degree to which two or more phenomena are similarly distributed or arranged on the Earth's surface. Where distribution patterns of phenomena are consistently similar, a strong or high degree of spatial association exists.

refers to the way something is spread out or arranged over a geographic area.

is a term used to describe any data related to or containing information about a specific location on the Earth’s surface.

A nineteenth and early twentieth century approach to the study of geography which argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in physical sciences.

cultural-geography theory that evolved from the racially informed theory of environmental determinism. People had freedom of choice but that the choice was highly constrained, and that the environment made some human responses more probable than others.

Produced by the physical material culture, the built environment is the tangible human creation on the landscape. Nonmaterial culture: Anything on the landscape that comprises culture that cannot be physically touched.