What are the three conditions that need to be checked before running a significance test for a population proportion and a population mean?

The statement that is being tested.

A _______ hypothesis states that there is statistical significance between two variables.

What conclusion should be made using a significance level of α=0.05 with a p-value:0.023?

What is calculated during the "Do" step of the four step significance test process?

When conducting a significance test for a population mean, what does the sample size have to at least be for the normal condition to be satisfied?

A hypothesis test that attempts to make a claim about a population proportion (p) for a certain population attribute.

A newspaper report claims that 30% of all tea-drinkers prefer green tea to black tea. Leo is the office manager at a company with thousands of employees. He wonders if the newspaper’s claim holds true at his company. To find out, Leo asks a simple random sample of 125 tea-drinking employees which they prefer: green tea or black tea.
Here's Leo's null hypothesis: The proportion of all tea-drinkers at the company that prefer green tea to black tea is...

What is an appropriate way for Leo to finish his null hypothesis?

What conclusion should be made using a significance level of α=0.10 with a p-value:0.21?

What is defined during the "State" step of the four step significance test process?

What percent of the population should the sample size be equal or less than in order to satisfy the independent condition?

The probability that a test statistic would take a value a extreme as more extreme than the one actually observed, assuming Ho is true.

A ketchup company regularly receives large shipments of tomatoes. For each shipment that is received, a supervisor takes a random sample of 500 tomatoes to see what percent of the sample is bruised and performs a significance test. If the sample shows convincing evidence that more than 10% of the entire shipment of tomatoes is bruised, then they will request a new shipment of tomatoes.
Let ppp represent the proportion of tomatoes in a shipment that are bruised.

What is Ho?

What conclusion should be made using a significance level of α=0.05 with a p-value:0.051?

A professor gives a multiple choice exam where each question has five choices. The professor decides not to count a question against students if the class as a whole does significantly worse on the question than they would have done simply by guessing. In other words, the teacher tests Ho: p=0.20 versus Ha: p<0.20 for each question, where p is the proportion of students who would correctly answer the question. Suppose that 14 of 100 students correctly answer a particular question.

Assuming that the conditions for inference have been met, calculate the test statistic for the professor's significance test.

Moussa saw a commercial on television that claimed 9 out of 10 dentists recommend using a specific brand of chewing gum. He suspected that the true proportion was actually lower, so he took an SRS of 50 dentists and asked whether or not they recommend using that brand of chewing gum. He wants to use the sample data to test Ho: p=0.9 versus Ha: p<0.9, where p is the proportion of all dentists that recommend this brand of chewing gum.

Accepting the Ho when it is actually false (a false negative).

Lena is a college basketball player who has made 75% of the free-throws she has attempted in her career. She decided to practice a new technique for shooting her free-throws. Lena was curious if this new technique produced significantly better or worse results. She tried the new technique and made 70% of 50 attempts.
Here's Lena's alternative hypothesis:
Ha: The proportion of attempts made using this new technique is...

What is an appropriate way for Lena to finish her alternative hypothesis?

What conclusion should be made using a significance level of α=0.01 with a p-value:0.002?

Ellie read an article claiming that 10% of people in her county were senior citizens, and she wondered if this held true for residents in her city. She took a random sample of 225 people from her city to test Ho: p=0.10 versus Ha: p≠0.10, where p is the proportion of people in her city that are senior citizens. She found that 313131 of those sampled were senior citizens, and the corresponding test statistic was z≈1.89.

Assuming that the necessary conditions are met, what is the approximate P-value for Ellie's significance test?

Quintin read a report claiming that 4% of police officers in the US have had a formal complaint filed against them. Quintin suspects that this figure is higher in his state. He obtains a random sample of records for 500 officers from the approximately 20,000 officers in his state. He wants to use these data to test Ho: p=0.04 versus Ha: p>0.04, where p is the proportion of officers in Quintin's state who have had a formal complaint filed against them. Which conditions have been met?

A measurement of how far a sample statistic diverges from what we would expect if the null hypothesis (Ho) were true.

A local pizza store knows the mean amount of time it takes them to deliver an order is 45 minutes after the order is placed. The manager has a new system for processing delivery orders, and they want to test if it changes the mean delivery time. They take a sample of delivery orders and find their mean delivery time is 48 minutes.
Let μ represent the mean delivery time under the new system.

What are appropriate hypotheses for their significance test?
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What conclusion should be made using a significance level of α=0.10 with a p-value:0.13?

Alessandra designed an experiment where subjects tasted water from four different cups and attempted to identify which cup contained bottled water. Each subject was given three cups that contained regular tap water and one cup that contained bottled water (the order was randomized). She wanted to test if the subjects could do better than simply guessing when identifying the bottled water.
Her hypotheses were Ho: p=0.25 versus Ha: p>0.25 (where p is the true likelihood of these subjects identifying the bottled water). The experiment showed that 20 of the 60 subjects correctly identified the bottle water. Alessandra calculated that the statistic p hat=20/30 had a P-value of approximately 0.068.

What conclusion should be made using a significance level of α=0.05?