Causes and types Slopes and elevations Survival Route Miscellaneous
100
What are the speeds of a dry avalanches?
300km/h and above
100
What are avalanche slope angles?
30-45 degrees
100
Terrain traps?
A feature that increases the consequences of getting caught in an avalanche.
100
What are signs of avalanche danger?
hollow sounds or sensations, difficult travel because you’re breaking trough heavy surface snow into underling light snow, high elevations or inclines.
100
What are gullies and bowls?
Dangerous slopes to ski because:
1. there is no escape route.
2. people will get pushed into the center, in the center the forces are the highest and will result in a deep burial.
3. the sides of the gullies may be wind loaded
4. both sides of a bowl may
200
What are types of avalanches?
Wet, Dry, and Slab
200
What is Below Treeline?
Densely forested area with openings and glades within them large enough to create relatively small avalanches. (low elevation)
200
What is pinpoint search?
Locate exact position of victim
200
What is a route selection?
Always be aware of the avalanche report and know where there is safe terrain.
200
How can trees be useful?
Trees can act as anchors, and shelter.
300
What are natural triggers?
Sun, Wind, Rain, Snow
300
What is Treeline?
Medium elevation with few or no trees above, also known as sub-alpine. Trees are generally smaller and are found in non-contiguous stands separated by open, wind-exposed areas.
300
What is an affect of snow pack and previous weather?
up-side down snow
300
What is an avalanche bulletin?
serves as a warning, and is published twice daily during the peak winter season and primarily contains a forecast of the avalanche danger.
300
What are necessary types of equipment for avalanche safety?
Transceiver, shovel, and probe.
400
What is wind-slab avalanches?
Caused by cohesive slabs of wind-deposited snow
400
What is Alpine treeline?
Dangerous elevation - highly exposed to wind
400
What is the chance of survival if found before 18 minutes?
91%
400
What are some field observations?
You see an avalanche happen or see evidence of previous slides, cracks form in the snow around your feet or skis, the ground feels hollow underfoot, you observe baseball–size snowballs rolling down a sunny slope.
400
What are a probe, shovel, and transceiver?
???? - Locate an approximate location
???? - Locate the exact location of the person
???? - Dig in the spot that the person has been located at
500
What is a sun avalanche?
Radiation from the sun influences snow temperature which, in turn, plays a role in determining the strength of the snow.
500
What is concave, convex or planar?
Slope shape makes some difference in avalanche danger. (3 possible answers)
500
What is the chance of survival if found between 30-40 minutes?
30%
500
What is some information about reading bulletins?
can be more specific than a whole mountain range.
500
What is the shovelling technique for one person?
1. Start downhill of the probe strike.
2. Make the hole approximately a wingspan wide.
3. Begin shoveling 1.5 times the burial depth downhill.
4. Save energy by shoveling snow to the sides of the pit.
5. Once you have dug down to a point where the snow su






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