Avalanches The Mountain Possible Dangers Observations Equipment
100
2, slab and point release.
How many types of avalanches are there?
100
It can cause drafts and cornices, adds more snow to the fall, windward slops are scorned and appear bare.
What affects does wind have on the mountain?
100
They look round, don't have much snow underneath them to support the weight. Also can look like a bowl less steep as you ski them, safer but can still trigger.
What is the shape of an avalanche prone slope?
100
can create a buried surface hoar, slab avalanches usually occur many days after signs of a week layer
What affects does previous weather have on the mountain?
100
After 5 minutes, 80%, after 10 minutes, 40%, 20 minutes, 35%, 30 minutes, 10%.
What is the survival time when your caught in an avalanche?
200
Wind, warm temperature or rain, rock fall or snow of trees, heavy load of snow on hill, explosives, or caused by a human or animal.
How is an avalanche triggered?
200
Multiple snow falls make the lower levels of snow weak. Wind packed layers have potential to release a slab avalanche.
Why are wind slopes important?
200
No escape route, pushed to the centre, both sides of the bowl may be unstable.
Dangers of gullies and bowls.
200
past avalanches, estimate when the avalanche occurred, effects of wind, rime, recent snowfall, past rain on the snow, air temperature,
What are some field observations?
200
look down from there last seen position, look for visuals, start with signal search, robe for the victim, shovel when found,
How do you rescue someone?
300
Dry avalanches can go 200 km/h, wet avalanches can go 100 km/h.
How fast can an avalanche go?
300
Slopes to the south will warm and weaken faster, more likely to create an avalanche.
What affect does the sun have on the mountain?
300
A small group of trees or a large rock can provide limited shelter from an avalanche.
What is the island of safety?
300
transceiver, shovel, probe, airbag packs, helmet, emergency communications, releasable bindings, recco.
What equipment do you bring?
300
start with a signal search, follow induction line towards victim, when close switch to a fine search technique.
How does a transceiver search work?
400
Start zone at the top of a path, often steeper than the track, 30-45 degree angle, little to no vegetation.
Track is the path of the avalanche, steep enough to maintain the snow but not to trigger.
Run out is the bottom where you should check for survivor
What are the parts of an avalanche?
400
The snow remains unstable longer, more likely to produce an avalanche during cold winters.
Why is a shady slope dangerous?
400
Is an terrain feature that makes injuries or burial more likely making escape more difficult.
What is a terrain trap?
400
Top shows current dangers, problems that may be expected, timed for weekend rides, designed to give "nowcast"
How to read an avalanche bulletin?
400
move slowly around trying to find a signal
What is the pinpoint search?
500
30-45 degrees is the ideal range.
What are the ideal slope angles?
500
Dangers of avalanches are higher in higher regions of the mountain, fewer trees and bushes to anchor the snowpack
What affects does the elevation have on the mountain?
500
They provide cover and act as anchors to prevent and avalanche.
How do trees help you in an avalanche?
500
wind scorned slopes are safer than loaded slopes, avoid convexs, narrow ridges are safe, broad valley bottoms are safer than surrounding slopes.
What is a good route selection?
500
Grab your stick and poke around in the snow for your lost friend.
What is probing?






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