Husbandry & Management Reproduction Diseases Clinical Pathology Anatomy
100
80% pelleted product
20% fresh veggies
High quality H20
Seeds as treats
Describe the ideal diet of psittacines
100
Determinant produce a single clutch per season
Indeterminant can produce multiple clutches or extend laying within a clutch
Compare and contrast determinant and indeterminate layer
100
Chlamydia
Mycobacteriosis
Aspergillus
Trauma
Egg yolk coelomitis
List the organisms that cause a profound leukocytosis on CBC
100
What is hemorrhage
The most common cause of regenerative anemia in birds
100
Humerus
Name the pneumatic bone
200
<70F unless brumating or hibernating
You should avoid temperatures below ___ with reptiles.
200
~24 hours
What is the length of oviposition
200
Aspergillosis
Candida
Tricho
Avipox
Hypovitaminosis A
Capillariasis
Chlamydia
Differentials for oral plaques
200
Hemoproteus
Leukocytozoon
Plasmodium
Name three avian hemoparasites discussed in class
200
Interclavicular
Which of the nine avian air sacs is unpaired
300
Replaced q. 6-12 months
290-320 wavelength
12-20 inches from the animal
Describe adequate UVB parameters for reptiles
300
Head dorsal towards the air cell and tucked under right wing
Normal orientation for chick within egg
300
1. Proliferative gastritis & coelomic swelling in snakes
2. Misshapen scales, ulceration and necrosis snakes
3. Hemorrhagic pneumonia, GI, neuro (opisthotonus) snakes
4. Sea turtles — fibropapillomatosis
5. Necrotizing hepatitis in tortoises
6. Yellow fungus disease in lizards
Describe the clinical signs:
1. Crytosporidium serpentis
2. Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola
3. Ophidian paramyxovirus
4. Chelonid alphaherpes 5
5. Entomoeba invadens
6. Nannizziopsi guarroi
300
What is 5%
What percentage of polychromatophils are normal in health
300
Hyacinth Macaw
Pigeons & doves
Amazon parrots
Name the species that do not have a uropygial gland
400
Susceptible to hyperthermia >80-85F˚
Monitor water quality — dechlorinated water
Two most important husbandry parameters for amphibians
400
Occurs primarily at night
Rapid pace (4x faster + 4x quantity) but w/ poorer survival
No accessory sweat glands, sperm is stored at the seminal gloms or receptaculum
How does spermatogenesis in birds differ from mammals
400
1) URI, hepato/splenomegaly, neuro
2) P: young = diarrhea & death, adults = diarrhea + repro
3) emaciation
4)
MG = poultry (resp + repro), turkey=sinusitis, finch=conjunctivitis
MS = sinusitis & skeletal deformities
5) passing undigested food
Describe the clinical signs
1) Chlamydia psittaci
2) Salmonella Pullorum vs. Gallinarum
3) Mycobacterum avium
4) Mycoplasma: gallispeticum, Synoviae, melegridis
5) Bornavirus
400
What is 1.005-1.020
What is the normal USG of avian urine
400
4 chambered heart
Right valve (tricuspid)
How many chambers are present in the heart
Which is valve is muscular?
500
1) Right Jugular > Medial metatarsal > brachial vein
2) Jugular, lateral saphenous, cephalic, cranial vena cava
3) Jugular, subcarapicial sinus
4) coccygeal veins
5) tibial vein
Appropriate Venipuncture sites for each species:
1) Birds
2) Ferrets
3) Turtles
4) lizards and snakes
5) Amphibian
500
Typically one functional ovary
Follicles at all stages of development are present simultaneously
P4 triggers LH surge
Ovulation occurs 4-6 hours later
Describe follicular development in avian species
500
Mycoplasma Agassi
Mycoplasma testudineum
Common cause of upper respiratory tract infection in testudines
500
1) GGT
2) AST
3) CK
Which enzymes would you expect to be elevated with
1) Cholestasis
2) Hepatocellular damage
3) WNV, normal capture & restraint
500
Iguanas & geckos (some salamanders)
Which species exhibit tail autotomy






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