Husbandry & Management | Reproduction | Diseases | Clinical Pathology | Anatomy |
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80% pelleted product
20% fresh veggies High quality H20 Seeds as treats
Describe the ideal diet of psittacines
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Determinant produce a single clutch per season
Indeterminant can produce multiple clutches or extend laying within a clutch
Compare and contrast determinant and indeterminate layer
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Chlamydia
Mycobacteriosis Aspergillus Trauma Egg yolk coelomitis
List the organisms that cause a profound leukocytosis on CBC
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What is hemorrhage
The most common cause of regenerative anemia in birds
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Humerus
Name the pneumatic bone
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<70F unless brumating or hibernating
You should avoid temperatures below ___ with reptiles.
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~24 hours
What is the length of oviposition
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Aspergillosis
Candida Tricho Avipox Hypovitaminosis A Capillariasis Chlamydia
Differentials for oral plaques
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Hemoproteus
Leukocytozoon Plasmodium
Name three avian hemoparasites discussed in class
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Interclavicular
Which of the nine avian air sacs is unpaired
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Replaced q. 6-12 months
290-320 wavelength 12-20 inches from the animal
Describe adequate UVB parameters for reptiles
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Head dorsal towards the air cell and tucked under right wing
Normal orientation for chick within egg
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1. Proliferative gastritis & coelomic swelling in snakes
2. Misshapen scales, ulceration and necrosis snakes 3. Hemorrhagic pneumonia, GI, neuro (opisthotonus) snakes 4. Sea turtles — fibropapillomatosis 5. Necrotizing hepatitis in tortoises 6. Yellow fungus disease in lizards
Describe the clinical signs:
1. Crytosporidium serpentis 2. Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola 3. Ophidian paramyxovirus 4. Chelonid alphaherpes 5 5. Entomoeba invadens 6. Nannizziopsi guarroi |
What is 5%
What percentage of polychromatophils are normal in health
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Hyacinth Macaw
Pigeons & doves Amazon parrots
Name the species that do not have a uropygial gland
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Susceptible to hyperthermia >80-85F˚
Monitor water quality — dechlorinated water
Two most important husbandry parameters for amphibians
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Occurs primarily at night
Rapid pace (4x faster + 4x quantity) but w/ poorer survival No accessory sweat glands, sperm is stored at the seminal gloms or receptaculum
How does spermatogenesis in birds differ from mammals
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1) URI, hepato/splenomegaly, neuro
2) P: young = diarrhea & death, adults = diarrhea + repro 3) emaciation 4) MG = poultry (resp + repro), turkey=sinusitis, finch=conjunctivitis MS = sinusitis & skeletal deformities 5) passing undigested food
Describe the clinical signs
1) Chlamydia psittaci 2) Salmonella Pullorum vs. Gallinarum 3) Mycobacterum avium 4) Mycoplasma: gallispeticum, Synoviae, melegridis 5) Bornavirus |
What is 1.005-1.020
What is the normal USG of avian urine
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4 chambered heart
Right valve (tricuspid)
How many chambers are present in the heart
Which is valve is muscular? |
1) Right Jugular > Medial metatarsal > brachial vein
2) Jugular, lateral saphenous, cephalic, cranial vena cava 3) Jugular, subcarapicial sinus 4) coccygeal veins 5) tibial vein
Appropriate Venipuncture sites for each species:
1) Birds 2) Ferrets 3) Turtles 4) lizards and snakes 5) Amphibian |
Typically one functional ovary
Follicles at all stages of development are present simultaneously P4 triggers LH surge Ovulation occurs 4-6 hours later
Describe follicular development in avian species
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Mycoplasma Agassi
Mycoplasma testudineum
Common cause of upper respiratory tract infection in testudines
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1) GGT
2) AST 3) CK
Which enzymes would you expect to be elevated with
1) Cholestasis 2) Hepatocellular damage 3) WNV, normal capture & restraint |
Iguanas & geckos (some salamanders)
Which species exhibit tail autotomy
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