This vertebra has no spinous process or body and forms the "yes" joint.

This ligament covers the ventral side of the vertebral column.

These thin muscles in the intermediate extrinsic layer of the back act as superficial accessory respiratory muscles.

These superficial intrinsic back muscles run from the vertebra to the jaw and base of skull to flex and rotate the head, and bilaterally to extend the head and neck.

These thin slips of muscle, most superficial of the transversospinalis, of the deep intrinsic back run from the transverse processes of the vertebrae to the head or upper vertebrae diagonally, extending the head, neck, and thorax, and rotates them contralaterally.

This vertebra has double the bodies of normal vertebrae and forms the "no" joint.

This ligament covers the dorsal side of the vertebral body.

This superficial posterior extrinsic shoulder and back muscle retracts the scapula and superiorly rotates the glenoid cavity.

These superficial intrinsic back muscles run from the spinous processes of the vertebrae to the transverse processes of the upper four cervical vertebrae to laterally flex and rotate the head, and bilaterally to extend the head and neck.

These straps of muscle, second deepest of the transversospinalis, on the deep intrinsic back, run diagonally from the sacrum and vertebra to superior vertebrae to stabilize the spinal column and cause contralateral rotation.

This group of vertebrae have a bifid spinous process and holes for the vertebral arteries and veins. Its superior articular facets face BUM.

This ligament lines the dorsal side of the vertebral canal.

This superficial posterior extrinsic shoulder and back muscle extends, adducts, and medially rotates the shoulder joint, and raises the body toward the arms.

These intermediate intrinsic back muscles are the most lateral and have medium muscle bellies and run to the angle of the lower ribs to extend the vertebral column and head or laterally flex.

These thin slips of muscles, the most medial of the deep intervertebrals, connect the spinous processes and act to extend and rotate the vertebral column.

This group of vertebrae have transverse costal facets, superior articular facets face BUL, and sloping spinous processes.

This ligament joins the transverse processes of vertebrae.

This deep posterior extrinsic shoulder muscle elevates the scapula and tilts the glenoid cavity inferiorly.

These intermediate intrinsic back muscles are in the middle of the others and have short muscle bellies and a longer tendinous insertion on the bottom. They act to extend the vertebral column and head or laterally flex.

These thin slips of muscles in the deep intervertebral muscles connect the transverse processes to laterally flex and stabilize the vertebral column

This group of vertebrae have the largest bodies with BUM superior articular facets and small vertebral foramen

These ligaments join the spinous processes of vertebrae.

These deep posterior extrinsic shoulder muscles retract the scapula and depress the glenoid cavity, and hold the scapula against the body wall.

This intermediate intrinsic muscle of the back is the most medial and has very vertical muscle fibers which act to extend the vertebral column and head, and laterally flex.

These short muscles, deepest in the back, run from the transverse processes of vertebrae to the spinous processes two vertebrae higher to stabilize vertebrae and help with extension.