The action performed by the longus colli, scalene, and sternocleidomastoid muscles at the cervical spine.
This motion is limited by the posterior atlanto-axial, posterior longitudinal, ligamental flavum, and tectorial membranes; the posterior neck muscles; and the anulus fibrosus.

This superficial vein runs along the dorsal foot and medial leg and empties into the femoral vein. It is often used in CABG.

The action performed by the semispinalis, iliocostalis, and splenius cervicis, the splenius, longissimus, and semispinalis capitis, and the levator scapulae, multifidus, and trapezius. It is limited by the anterior longitudinal and anterior atlanto-axial ligaments, anterior neck muscles, anulus fibrosus, and the spinous processes.

This superficial vein runs along the dorsal foot and lateral leg and empties into the popliteal vein.

The action performed by unilateral iliocostalis, longissimus, and splenius cervicis, longissimus and splenius capitis, the intertransversarii, and scalenes. It is limited by alar ligaments, anulus fibrosus, and the zygapophysial joints.

This deep vein runs along the front of the leg and continues as the femoral vein.

The action performed by the rotatores, semispinalis capitis and cervicis, multifidus, splenius cervicis, and contralateral sternocleidomastoid. It is limited by alarg ligament tension and the anulus fibrosus.

These two deep veins run along the back of the leg and drain into the popliteal vein.

The action performed by the rectus capitis posterior major and minor, obliquus capitis superior, splenius capitis, longissimus capitis, and ascending trapezius. Specific location.

This deep vein branches extensively in the thigh.