| Basic Chemistry | Carbohydrates | Lipids | Proteins | Nucleic Acid |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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What is Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon & Hydrogen
What four elements makeup 96% of the human body?
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What is energy, structure and/or cell surface markers
Name two functions of a carbohydrate.
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Glycerol and 3 fatty acids
What are the two components of a triglyceride?
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Non-polar group (10)
Which amino acid table group is hydrophobic?
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DNA & RNA
What are the two main types of nucleic acids?
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The oil will stay together and remain in multiple groups or one large group at top or bottom of glass.
What happens when you place a hydrophobic substance (oil) into a glass of water?
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What is a disaccharide and released H2O
What is produced in a condensation reaction of two monosaccharides?
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To transport and store fats around the body
What is the main function of a triglyceride?
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Primary, Secondary, Tertiary & Quaternary
What are the 4 levels of protein folding?
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Purines (two rings) & Pyrimidines (one ring)
What are the names of the two types of molecule structures found in the nitrogenous base of DNA?
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Intramolecular forces are within a molecule and intermolecular is between molecules
What is the main difference between intramolecular forces and intermolecular forces?
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Humans are consuming more processed sugars then they should and it is leading to diabetes, obesity, cancer and other health issues.
What human health issues have the addition of sugar in most foods caused?
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Triglycerides, Phospholipids, Waxes & Steroids
What are the four main groups of lipids?
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Protein is unfolded and therefore loses function.
What does it mean to denature a protein?
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3’ End refers to the OH group at Carbon-3 that is not bonded to anything while the 5’ end of DNA refers to the phosphate group at Carbon-5 that is not bonded to anything
What is the difference between a 3’ end of DNA and a 5’ end of DNA?
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What is a hydrophobic interaction occurs so that the molecules decrease the surface area that touches the water
Why do non-polar molecules clump together when placed in water?
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What is too much glucose in the blood that pulls H2O molecules and causes thirst and excess urination
Drinking an excessive amount of water is often an indication of diabetes. Why might this be?
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One triglyceride molecule has 3 fatty acid molecules and therefore contains more carbon.
Why can lipids store twice as much energy as carbohydrates?
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Disulphide Bond, Ionic Interaction, Hydrogen bond, Hydrophobic Interaction
What are the tertiary R-group interaction possibilities, in order from strongest to weakest?
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DNA contains only hydrogens at carbon-2 of deoxyribose sugars & contains nitrogenous base thymine - RNA contains an OH group at Carbon-2 of a ribose sugar and nitrogenous base of uracil
What are the two main differences between the chemical structure of DNA and RNA?
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Geckos have thousands of tiny hairs on the surface of their feet that form weak van de waal forces with the surface.
500- What is the biochemical explanation for the reason a gecko can climb walls?
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Heat causes the disaccharides to split into monosaccharides and therefore become sweeter, change colour and become softer.
Why do onions become sweet in taste after being carmelized?
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Trans fats lower HDL (“good” cholesterol) and increased LDL (“bad” cholesterol) which builds up plaque in the arteries.
Why are trans fats considered the “bad” fat?
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G614 has no ability to form any bonds with other amino acids creating an “open” shape that has more probability to infect human proteins (ACE2).
Covid-19 - Why has the change from amino acid D614G altered the risk of infection?
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The two strands of DNA are held together b the nitrogenous base in middle using hydrogen bonding between Adenine & Thymine (A&T) and Guanine & Cytosine (G&C) that cause the two connected strands to twist.
Why does DNA present itself in double helices while RNA is a single strand?
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