General Information on Carbohydrates | Carbohydrate Metabolism Regulation | Hyperglycemia | Hypoglycemia | Laboratory Glucose Testing |
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These are simple sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed to a simpler form.
Monosaccharides
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This hormone is produced by adrenal medulla.
Epinephrine
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It is the primary hormone that is responsible for increasing glucose levels.
Glucagon
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The signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia are all related to what organ system?
Central nervous system
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What type of specimen is needed for blood glucose determination?
Serum or plasma
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What is the term used when the CO functional group is linked in the middle of the carbon atoms?
Ketose
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This increases plasma glucose by decreasing entry of glucose into the cells and increasing glycolysis.
Growth hormone
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It is a group of metabolic conditions characterized by elevated levels of blood sugar or hyperglycemia.
Diabetes mellitus
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What classification of hypoglycemia requires assistance to actively administer carbohydrates and glucagon or take other corrective actions?
Severe hypoglycemia
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What is the function of the additive contained in grey-top tubes?
Inhibits glycolysis
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In an anaerobic environment, the product of phosphoenolpyruvate will be converted to what?
Lactate
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A _______ is released by the adrenal cortex on stimulation by ACTH.
Glucocorticoids
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It is a condition that happens when glucose concentration exceeds the renal threshold for glucose 180 mg/dl.
Glucosuria
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What hormone is released from the adrenal gland which increases glucose metabolism and inhibits insulin?
Epinephrine
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In the hexokinase method, the rate of appearance of this substance can be measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 340 nm.
NADPH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
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Glucose pathway where G6P detours from the glycolytic pathway to become 6-phosphogluconate.
Hexose Monophosphate Shunt
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What levels of cortisol stimulate the anterior pituitary to release ACTH?
Decreased
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It is an eye condition that can cause long-term blindness in people who have diabetes due to glucose derivatives.
Diabetic retinopathy
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What hormone is released from the islet cells of the pancreas and inhibits insulin?
Glucagon
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This is the term used to describe the formation of a hemoglobin compound produced when glucose (a reducing sugar) reacts with the amino group of hemoglobin (a protein).
Glycosylated hemoglobin
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Give the two enzymes responsible for converting nonabsorbent polymers to dextrins and disaccharides.
Salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase
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This synthesized glucagon in the pancreas.
Alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans
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It is a form of type 1 diabetes with no known etiology, is strongly inherited, and not associated with autoantibodies.
Idiopathic type 1 diabetes
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Due to hypoglycemia, glycogen cannot be converted back to glucose (by way of glycogenesis) because the enzyme __________ is deficient.
Glucose-6-phosphatase
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What do you call the coupled reaction employed in the glucose oxidase method?
Trinder reaction
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