Photosynthesis: Products and Reactants Cellular Respiration: Products and Reactants Photosynthesis: Structure and Function Cellular Respiration: Structures and Functions Miscellaneous
100
What is 6CO2+6H20→C6H12O6+6O2?
The formula for photosynthesis.
100
What is C6H12O6+6O2→6H2O+6CO2 (+ ATP)?
The reaction for Cellular Respiration.
100
What are thylakoid membranes? (stack of thylakoids is a granum)
The stroma is the fluid that surrounds these membranes that contain photosynthetic pigments.
100
What is the cytoplasm?
The region of the cell where glycolysis occurs.
100
What is the palisade parenchyma (mesophyll), which is ground tissue?
The tissue layer in leaves whose main function is photosynthesis.
200
What is NADPH + H+ ?
The name of the substance produced during the process of photosynthesis that serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain in the light dependent reactions.
200
What is glycolysis? (occurs in the cytoplasm)
The metabolic stage (process) when glucose in broken down into 2 pyruvic acid molecules.
200
What are stomata? CO2 enters the leaf and is used to form glucose. H2O is pulled up through the xylem due to transpiration. O2 that results from the photoylysis of water exits through stomata.
Guard cells swell to form these pores, which allow gas exchange.
200
What is the inner mitochondrial membrane? (The ATP Synthase protein is imbedded in the membrane). H+ ions accumulate in the intermembrane space and then move down their gradient, moving through ATP Synthase.
Location where Hydrogen ions move through ATP Synthase to form ATP.
200
What are cohesion, adhesion, and tension? Transpiration occurs via the stomata.
The properties of water that allow for transpiration.
300
What is photolysis of water (in the light dependent reactions)?
The process in photosynthesis that produces oxygen.
300
What is Lactic Acid? (fermentation of pyruvic acid in humans that results in 3C lactic acid -- occurs in the cytoplasm)
The product formed when muscles are exercised vigorously without sufficient oxygen.
300
What is chlorophyll a? Other pigments are chloropyll b and carotenoids. Remember that chlorophyll appears green as green is reflected. Red and blue are abosrbed most.
This pigment is the primary pigment required for photosynthesis, and there are also other accessory pigments that absorb various wavelengths of light.
300
What are a net gain of 2 ATP, 2 NADH + H+, and 2 pyruvic acids.
The end products of glycolysis.
300
What is a monosachharide, which is a carbohydrate?
Glucose is this type of molecule.
400
What is the thylakoid space (accumulation of H+) and the inner membrane (ATP Synthase location)?
The accumulation of H+ ions in this region results in chemiosmosis and the formation of ATP.
400
What is being the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain? (forms water) (ETC is in the inner membrane of the mitochondria; water forms)
The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly with this process.
400
What is the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that fixes (or attaches) CO2 to 5C molecule to form an unstable 6C?
The function of rubisco.
400
What is diffusion of pyruvic acid from the cytoplasm into the matrix of the mitochondria, which is called the link reaction?
If oxygen is present, a process occurs to move pyruvic acid into a new location.
400
What is the endosymbiont theory, which states that the chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from bacteria cells? (chloroplasts and mitochondria have smaller ribosomes and naked DNA in their strucutres)
Chloroplasts and mitochondria have double membranes and the possible reason.
500
What is the Calvin cycle (light independent reactions)?
Carbon fixation occurs during this process.
500
What is Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis? (oxidative phosphorylation)
Chemisosmosis ---> when hydrogen ions build up in the intermembrane space.
Hydrogen ions go down their conecentration gradient and go through the ATP Sythase protein complex (inner membrane), the protein mechanically turns while pushing together ADP + Pi to create ATP
This process produces the most ATP per glucose molecule.
500
Light dependent:
- need energy from photons
-Thylakoid
-Can occur in light alone

Light independent:
- Needs NADPH and ATP produced in light dependent
- Stroma
- Can occur without light
List three differences between Light dependent reactions and Light independent reactions
500
What is
-aerobic respiration
-lactate fermentation
-alcoholic fermentation
From glycolysis in the cytoplasm, fermentation continues on in the cytoplasm while aerobic respiration moves on to link reaction and the Krebs Cycle inside the matrix of the mitochondria.
Differences between fermentation and aerobic respiration processes.
500
What is the cell cytoplasm for glycolysis, what is the stroma of the chloroplast, and what is the matrix of the mitochondria? Polar and charged substances dissolve readily in water.
Water is a versatile solvent and is located in various places within the cell for the reactions involved in energetics.






Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis

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