Photosynthesis: Products and Reactants | Cellular Respiration: Products and Reactants | Photosynthesis: Structure and Function | Cellular Respiration: Structures and Functions | Miscellaneous |
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What is 6CO2+6H20→C6H12O6+6O2?
The formula for photosynthesis.
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What is C6H12O6+6O2→6H2O+6CO2 (+ ATP)?
The reaction for Cellular Respiration.
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What are thylakoid membranes? (stack of thylakoids is a granum)
The stroma is the fluid that surrounds these membranes that contain photosynthetic pigments.
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What is the cytoplasm?
The region of the cell where glycolysis occurs.
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What is the palisade parenchyma (mesophyll), which is ground tissue?
The tissue layer in leaves whose main function is photosynthesis.
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What is NADPH + H+ ?
The name of the substance produced during the process of photosynthesis that serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain in the light dependent reactions.
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What is glycolysis? (occurs in the cytoplasm)
The metabolic stage (process) when glucose in broken down into 2 pyruvic acid molecules.
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What are stomata? CO2 enters the leaf and is used to form glucose. H2O is pulled up through the xylem due to transpiration. O2 that results from the photoylysis of water exits through stomata.
Guard cells swell to form these pores, which allow gas exchange.
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What is the inner mitochondrial membrane? (The ATP Synthase protein is imbedded in the membrane). H+ ions accumulate in the intermembrane space and then move down their gradient, moving through ATP Synthase.
Location where Hydrogen ions move through ATP Synthase to form ATP.
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What are cohesion, adhesion, and tension? Transpiration occurs via the stomata.
The properties of water that allow for transpiration.
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What is photolysis of water (in the light dependent reactions)?
The process in photosynthesis that produces oxygen.
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What is Lactic Acid? (fermentation of pyruvic acid in humans that results in 3C lactic acid -- occurs in the cytoplasm)
The product formed when muscles are exercised vigorously without sufficient oxygen.
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What is chlorophyll a? Other pigments are chloropyll b and carotenoids. Remember that chlorophyll appears green as green is reflected. Red and blue are abosrbed most.
This pigment is the primary pigment required for photosynthesis, and there are also other accessory pigments that absorb various wavelengths of light.
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What are a net gain of 2 ATP, 2 NADH + H+, and 2 pyruvic acids.
The end products of glycolysis.
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What is a monosachharide, which is a carbohydrate?
Glucose is this type of molecule.
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What is the thylakoid space (accumulation of H+) and the inner membrane (ATP Synthase location)?
The accumulation of H+ ions in this region results in chemiosmosis and the formation of ATP.
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What is being the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain? (forms water) (ETC is in the inner membrane of the mitochondria; water forms)
The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly with this process.
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What is the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that fixes (or attaches) CO2 to 5C molecule to form an unstable 6C?
The function of rubisco.
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What is diffusion of pyruvic acid from the cytoplasm into the matrix of the mitochondria, which is called the link reaction?
If oxygen is present, a process occurs to move pyruvic acid into a new location.
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What is the endosymbiont theory, which states that the chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from bacteria cells? (chloroplasts and mitochondria have smaller ribosomes and naked DNA in their strucutres)
Chloroplasts and mitochondria have double membranes and the possible reason.
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What is the Calvin cycle (light independent reactions)?
Carbon fixation occurs during this process.
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What is Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis? (oxidative phosphorylation)
Chemisosmosis ---> when hydrogen ions build up in the intermembrane space. Hydrogen ions go down their conecentration gradient and go through the ATP Sythase protein complex (inner membrane), the protein mechanically turns while pushing together ADP + Pi to create ATP
This process produces the most ATP per glucose molecule.
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Light dependent:
- need energy from photons -Thylakoid -Can occur in light alone Light independent: - Needs NADPH and ATP produced in light dependent - Stroma - Can occur without light
List three differences between Light dependent reactions and Light independent reactions
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What is
-aerobic respiration -lactate fermentation -alcoholic fermentation From glycolysis in the cytoplasm, fermentation continues on in the cytoplasm while aerobic respiration moves on to link reaction and the Krebs Cycle inside the matrix of the mitochondria.
Differences between fermentation and aerobic respiration processes.
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What is the cell cytoplasm for glycolysis, what is the stroma of the chloroplast, and what is the matrix of the mitochondria? Polar and charged substances dissolve readily in water.
Water is a versatile solvent and is located in various places within the cell for the reactions involved in energetics.
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