The scientific study of heredity and variation

One parent produces genetically identical offspring by mitosis

A cell (2n) that has two sets of chromosomes

Results in two haploid daughter cells with replicated chromosomes

Results in 4 daughter cells

The transmission of traits from one generation to the next

The specific location on a gene of a certain chromosome

Contains a single set of chromosomes, such as a gamete, (n)

In this phase, chromosomes condense, syanapsis occurs, and chromosomes undergo crossing over (produces recombinant chromosomes)

In this phase, the spindle apparatus forms

Demonstrated by the differences in appearance that offspring show from parents and siblings

Two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents

The union of gametes (the sperm and the egg)

In this phase, tetrads line up at this plate and microtubules attach to kinetochore

In this phase, sister chromatids arranged at this plate and microtubules attach to kinetochores

The units of heredity, and are made up of segments of DNA; inherited by offspring

The two chromosomes in each pair that are the same length and carry genes controlling the same inherited characters

The fertilized egg and has one set of chromosomes from each parent

In this phase, pairs of homologus chromosomes separate; One chromosome moves toward each pole, guided by the spindle apparatus; Sister chromatids remain attached at the centromere and move as one unit toward the pole

In this phase, sister chromatids separate

Genes are passed to the next generation through reproductive cells called

The 22 pairs of chromosomes that do not determine sex

Chromosomes found in gametes and are called X and Y

In these phases, each half of the cell has a haploid set of chromosomes; each chromosome still consists of two sister chromatids; forms two haploid daughter cells

In these phases, the chromosomes arrive at opposite poles, nuclei form, and the cytoplasm is separated