Nervous system anatomy | Membrane potentials | Action potential steps | Synapses | Summation and Neural circuits |
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What is the somatic sensory division?
Carries signals from skin, muscle, bones, and joints TO the brain
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What is resting membrane potential?
Stored electrical charge
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What is the previous sodium gate?
Where the sodium comes from as it sits under the sodium gate
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What is GABA?
An inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
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What is temporal summation?
Multiple potentials from one neuron in a given time
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What is the peripheral nervous system?
Made up of the nerves and ganglia
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What is -70 mv?
The charge on the inside of the cell
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What is +35 mv?
Voltage spikes to this when sodium rushes inside cell
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What is a neurotransmitter?
Is released to take the signal to the postsynaptic cell
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What is summation?
Process of adding up postsynaptic potentials
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What is a bipolar neuron?
Has one axon and one set of dendrites
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What is a local potential?
Signal from dendrites to soma
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What is the refractory period?
The resistance to stimulation to keep the signal moving in one direction
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What is the excitatory cholinergic synapse?
Employs acetylcholine as it's neurotransmitter to excite skeletal muscle and inhibit cardiac muscle
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What is diverging?
Neural circuit where signal divides from one input to a large output
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What is myelin sheath?
insulating layer around nerve fiber that speeds up electrical signals
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What are characteristics of local potentials?
They are graded and decremental
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What is potassium?
The ion that brings the voltage back down to -70 mv after the spike
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What is an inhibitory synapse?
Shuts down a circuit and blocks receptors to prevent signal going to the next cell
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What is spatial summation?
Simultaneous stimulation by multiple neurons, getting signals from multiple locations
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What is a microglia cell?
Small macrophages in CNS that get rid of foreign material
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What is the all or none law?
States that if threshold is reached, the neuron fires at maximum voltage
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What is -55 mv?
Threshold voltage for action potential
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What is synaptic delay?
Time of arrival of signal at axon terminal to beginning of action potential in postsynaptic cell.
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What is neural coding?
Nervous system converting information into meaningful patterns of action potentials
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