Nervous system anatomy Membrane potentials Action potential steps Synapses Summation and Neural circuits
100
What is the somatic sensory division?
Carries signals from skin, muscle, bones, and joints TO the brain
100
What is resting membrane potential?
Stored electrical charge
100
What is the previous sodium gate?
Where the sodium comes from as it sits under the sodium gate
100
What is GABA?
An inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
100
What is temporal summation?
Multiple potentials from one neuron in a given time
200
What is the peripheral nervous system?
Made up of the nerves and ganglia
200
What is -70 mv?
The charge on the inside of the cell
200
What is +35 mv?
Voltage spikes to this when sodium rushes inside cell
200
What is a neurotransmitter?
Is released to take the signal to the postsynaptic cell
200
What is summation?
Process of adding up postsynaptic potentials
300
What is a bipolar neuron?
Has one axon and one set of dendrites
300
What is a local potential?
Signal from dendrites to soma
300
What is the refractory period?
The resistance to stimulation to keep the signal moving in one direction
300
What is the excitatory cholinergic synapse?
Employs acetylcholine as it's neurotransmitter to excite skeletal muscle and inhibit cardiac muscle
300
What is diverging?
Neural circuit where signal divides from one input to a large output
400
What is myelin sheath?
insulating layer around nerve fiber that speeds up electrical signals
400
What are characteristics of local potentials?
They are graded and decremental
400
What is potassium?
The ion that brings the voltage back down to -70 mv after the spike
400
What is an inhibitory synapse?
Shuts down a circuit and blocks receptors to prevent signal going to the next cell
400
What is spatial summation?
Simultaneous stimulation by multiple neurons, getting signals from multiple locations
500
What is a microglia cell?
Small macrophages in CNS that get rid of foreign material
500
What is the all or none law?
States that if threshold is reached, the neuron fires at maximum voltage
500
What is -55 mv?
Threshold voltage for action potential
500
What is synaptic delay?
Time of arrival of signal at axon terminal to beginning of action potential in postsynaptic cell.
500
What is neural coding?
Nervous system converting information into meaningful patterns of action potentials






Chapter 12 - Nervous system

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