Which of the following best defines an aerosol?
a. Suspension of liquid droplets in a gas
b. Suspension of particulate matter in a gas
c. Molecular water dispersed throughout a carrier gas
d. Suspension of liquid or solid particles in a gas

What measure is used to identify the particle diameter, which corresponds to the most typical
settling behavior of an aerosol?
a. Mean mass velocity coefficient (MMVC)
b. Logarithmic standard diameter (LSD)
c. Mean mass aerodynamic diameter (MMAD)
d. Geometric standard deviation (GSD)

What is the primary mechanism for deposition of large, high-mass particles (>5 μm) in the
respiratory tract?
a. Inertial impaction
b. Sedimentation
c. Diffusion
d. Brownian motion

Which term describes the primary mechanism for deposition of small particles?
a. Hygroscopic condensation
b. Gravity sedimentation
c. Brownian diffusion
d. Inertial impaction

A physician wants to deliver a therapeutic aerosol to the central and lower airways. To help
ensure maximum deposition in this area, you would select an aerosol generator with an
MMAD in what range?

With which of the following devices are therapeutic aerosols generated?
1. Atomizers
2. Nebulizers
3. Humidifiers
4. Soft mist inhalers

What measure is used to describe the variability of particle diameters in an aerosol?
a. MMVC
b. LSD
c. MMAD
d. GSD

Where do most aerosol particles in the 5- to 10-μm range deposit?
a. Alveoli
b. Bronchioles
c. Central airways
d. Upper airways

What is the primary fate of inhaled aerosol particles that are between 1 and 0.5 μm?
a. Most are cleared during exhalation.
b. Most deposit in the central airways.
c. Most deposit in the upper airways.
d. Most deposit in the alveoli.

A physician wants to deliver a therapeutic aerosol to the lung parenchyma (alveolar region).
To help ensure maximum deposition in this area, you would select an aerosol generator with
an MMAD in what range?
a. 5 to 20 m
b. 2 to 5 m
c. 1 to 3 m
d. Less than 1 m

The mass of aerosol particles produced by a nebulizer in a given unit time best describes
which quality of the aerosol?
a. Stability
b. Density
c. Output
d. Deposition

Most nebulizers used in respiratory care produce which type of aerosol suspension?
a. Monodisperse
b. Microaerosol
c. Heterodisperse
d. Macroaerosol

What is the primary mechanism for central airway deposition of particles in the 1- to 5-μm
range?
a. Impaction
b. Sedimentation
c. Diffusion
d. Brownian motion

Which of the following aerosols would have the highest rate of deposition by diffusion?
a. MMAD of 0.1 μm
b. MMAD of 3.0 μm
c. MMAD of 10.0 μm
d. MMAD of 50.0 μm

What is the process by which aerosol suspension changes over time?
a. Evaporation
b. Deposition
c. Aging
d. Sublimation

Which of the following describes the mass of drug leaving the mouthpiece of a nebulizer as
aerosol?
a. Single dose
b. Emitted dose
c. Multiple dose

What is the retention of aerosol particles resulting from contact with the respiratory tract
mucosa called?
a. Stability
b. Density
c. Penetration
d. Deposition

Where do most aerosol particles in the 1- to 5-μm range deposit?
a. Alveoli
b. Bronchioles
c. Central airways
d. Upper airways

Where do most aerosol particles that are less than 3 μm deposit?
a. Alveoli
b. Bronchioles

What is the primary hazard of aerosol drug therapy?
a. Adverse drug reactions
b. Pulmonary infection
c. Airway reactivity
d. Drug reconcentration

Which of the following is a common method to measure aerosol particle size?
a. Scan
b. Gravimetric
c. Cascade impaction
d. Penetration studies

Which of the following factors affect pulmonary deposition of an aerosol?
1. Size of the particles
2. Shape and motion of the particles
3. Physical characteristics of the airways
4. Class of medication being delivered

Which of the following techniques will increase aerosol deposition by sedimentation in the
lungs?
a. High inspiratory flow
b. Short inspiratory time
c. 10-sec breath-hold
d. Short expiratory time

A physician wants to deliver a therapeutic aerosol to the upper airway (nose, larynx, trachea).
To help ensure maximum deposition in this area, you would select an aerosol generator with
an MMAD in what range?
a. 5 to 50 m
b. 2 to 5 m
c. 1 to 3 m
d. Less than 1 m

Which of the following drugs or drug categories have been associated with increased airway
resistance and bronchospasm during aerosol administration?
1. Steroids
2. Albuterol
3. Acetylcysteine
4. Antibiotics