| Layers of the Human Heart | Chambers of the Heart | Valves | Evolution of the Heart | General Info. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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What is Pericardium?
A double-walled sac that surrounds and protects the heart.
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What are four chambers?
How many chambers are within the heart?
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What are valves?
Located within the heart and help ensure a one-way flow.
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What are Mollusks & Arthropods?
The heart is a muscular blood vessel, with many openings. Valves are present to prevent the backflow of blood into the heart.
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What is Cardiac Output?
The heart pumps about 5 liters of blood per minute in a resting adult.
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What is Parietal Pericardium?
A tough, fibrous outer membrane.
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What are Atria and Superior?
These two chambers have thinner walls.
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What are Cusps and Leaflets?
Valves consist of these two things.
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What is Fish?
The heart consists of only two pumping chambers, an atrium followed by a ventricle. Blood then travels to the gills, where gas exchange takes place. Oxygenated blood travels to the tissues, and then back to the heart.
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What are Stroke Output and 70 ml?
1. The amount of blood pumped by one ventricle.
2. The amount of blood is what? |
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What is Pericardial Cavity?
This fluid-filled space helps to prevent friction on the heart.
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What are Ventricles?
This chamber has thicker walls.
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What are Atrioventricular Valves (AV)?
Separates atria from ventricles.
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What are Amphibians and some reptiles?
The heart consists of two atria and one ventricle. Blood can either go from the ventricle to the lungs/gills for oxygenation or to the body for deoxygenation. As a result, some oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mixes in the ventricle.
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What are Lub and Dub?
1. Caused by the AVs closing due to ventricular contractions.
2. Caused by the Semilunar Valves closing due to a slight back pressure of blood in the arteries. |
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What is Visceral Pericardium (Epidcardium)?
The thin inner membrane on the surface of the heart.
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What is Septa?
Separates the right and left halves of the heart.
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What are Semilunar Valves, Pulmonary Valves, & Aortic Valve?
1. Regulate the flow of blood from the ventricles to the large arteries.
2. These valves contain two other valves. What are those valves? |
What are Birds, Mammals, and some reptiles?
The layout is the same as in humans.
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What is Cardiac Cycle, Systole, & Diastole?
1. First the Atria contract, then the Ventricles, and finally all chambers relax.
2. This contains ______ & _______. |
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What are Myocardium and Endocardium?
1. The thickest layer of the heart, which is composed of cardiac muscle.
2. This is the smooth inner lining of the heart and blood vessels. It helps prevent blood clotting. |
What are Intraventrical and Intratrial Septa?
The two halves of septa.
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What are Tendinous Cords and Papillary Muscles?
1. The pulling of these opens the Cusps and Leaflets.
2. Muscles that cause these to pull and are attached to the ventricle walls. |
What is Systole & Diastole?
1. The contraction of the heart chambers.
2. The relaxation of the heart chambers. |
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