| Layers of Earth | Plate Tectonics | Earthquake | Rock Mechanics | Structural Geology |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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How many components is the Earth made of?
Four
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Earthquakes and volcanoes are usually located in this area.
Plate boundary
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The higher the magnitude of an earthquake, the higher the ___ caused.
Damage
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A hard substance composed of one or more minerals
Rock
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This is the term created when one plate suddenly slides past another plate.
Fault
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Which three components of earth are powered by sunlight?
Atmosphere, biosphere and hydrosphere
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Transform boundaries usually cause these.
Earthquakes
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What is the difference between an epicenter and a focus?
Epicenter is the location on Earth's surface directly ABOVE the equator. Focus is the point WITHIN Earth where equator occurred.
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How is igneous rock transformed into metamorphic rock?
The application of heat and pressure
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In a reverse fault, this part moves up relative to the other part.
Hanging wall
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What is thickest under mountain ranges?
The crust
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The mid-ocean ridge is an example of a __ boundary and ___ occurs here where new ocean floor is formed.
Divergent boundary; Sea-floor spreading
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Name 4 earthquake hazards.
Ground shaking, liquefaction, landslides, surface rupture
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What happens if an igneous rock weathers? What rock does it turn to?
Sedimentary rock
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This type of fault is often found at divergent plate boundaries.
Normal fault
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The oceanic crust is denser than which crust?
Continental crust
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What is the theory of plate tectonics?
Earth's surface is broken into plates that can move
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What are the waves of energy that travel through earth?
Seismic waves
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What is compaction?
Layers of sediment become pressed together over time
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A fault with a 90 degree fault plane
Strike-slip fault
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Describe the core, mantle and crust.
Core is the center thickest layer made of iron and nickel, Mantle is the middle layer made mostly of melted rock, and Crust is the thin outer layer made of rocks minerals and soil
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This is considered to be the driving force behind plate tectonic movement.
Convection current
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How are surface waves different from body waves?
Surface waves are the most destructive
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Reasons engineers need to know about rocks
To build safe and strong bridges, roads and tunnels
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This unconformity lies on top of crystalline metamorphic rock
Nonconformity
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