Duration: 3 - 5 hours.
Peak: 30 - 90 minutes.
Bonus: name one.

This lab value is the gold-standard for evaluating average blood glucose control over 3-4 months.

Common presentations include: floaters, decreased visual acuity, blurry vision.

First line therapy for DM2.

Caused by the breakdown of fatty tissues in the absence of insulin.

Duration: 11 - 26 hours.
Peak: none, steady.
Bonus: name one.

This test can be performed rapidly with a glucometer.

Common presentations include: numbness or paresthesia of extremities, especially of feet.

Cautious use in renal impairment. Stimulates insulin secretion from pancreas.

An autoimmune condition caused by destruction of beta cells in the pancreas.

Duration: 5 - 8 hours.
Peak: 2 - 5 hours.
Bonus: name one.

In addition to blood pressure control, a goal of diabetes management is to keep this bloodwork value under 200 mg/dL.

Poor glycemic control increases risk for these two emergent events.

Slows gastric emptying and increases satiety. Used in DM2, off-label use in DM1.

A condition caused by impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance.

Duration: 18 - 24 hours.
Peak: 4 - 12 hours.
Bonus: name one.

Evaluates magnitude of endogenous insulin production by measuring serum levels of a byproduct of a specific hormones synthesis...

Common presentation includes: decreased GFR, hypertension, albuminuria.

Stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas. Safe-ish to use in moderate renal impairment. Short half-life.

Condition which increases risk of pre-eclampsia, large for gestational age, stillbirth, and neonatal hypoglycemia.

Pre-mixed insulin combinations are most often composed of which two classes of insulin?

The equation for determining this value is: [Na] - ( [Cl] + [HCO3] ).

Common presentations include: nausea, indigestion, bloating, early satiety, heartburn, and regurgitation.

Lower threshold for renal glucose excretion. Increased risk of candidal infections.

A condition caused by inadequate action of anti-diuretic hormone.