attached to the hypothalamus

located below the larynx and consists of 2 broad lobes connected by an isthmus

sit on top of the kidneys, enclosed in a layer of adipose and connective tissues

The pancreas secretes hormones as an endocrine gland, and digestive juice into the digestive tract as an exocrine gland

Secretes melatonin, which is involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms of the body

consists mostly of glandular epithelial tissue, arranged around blood vessels and enclosed in a capsule of collagenous connective tissue

The thyroid consists of secretory units called follicles, filled with hormone-storing colloid

The pyramid-shaped glands consist of an inner adrenal medulla and an outer adrenal cortex

include 2 cell types: alpha cells that secrete glucagon, and beta cells that secrete insulin

Secretes thymosins, that affect production and differentiation of T lymphocytes (which are important in immunity)

is part of the nervous system, and consists of axons of neurons of the hypothalamus

2 iodine-containing hormones, thyroxine (T4 or tetraiodothyronine), and triiodothyronine (T3)

The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood stream

joins the pancreas to the duodenum, for digestive juice to enter duodenum of the small intestine

ovaries and testes

controls the activity of the pituitary gland

the caloric intake necessary to maintain life

Most important hormones are aldosterone, cortisol, and the sex hormones

glucagon and insulin

The digestive glands secrete hormones associated with the stomach and small intestine for the processes of digestion

growth hormones

a hormone which lowers blood levels of calcium and phosphate ions when they are too high

a mineralocorticoid, is secreted by cells of the outer layer; helps regulate mineral/electrolyte balance

due to lack of insulin or the inability of cells to recognize insulin

Secretes atrial natriuretic peptide, which affects sodium and water excretion by the kidneys