Times New Roman in 12pt.

What should the font and font size be?

Books should be italicized, not in quotations.

What is wrong here:
John Paul Jones, who wrote the book "Kale Is Overrated: Eat Spinach Instead",....

Your last name along with the page number.

What should be included in the header?

There are three errors. Firstly, there should only be the last name. Secondly, there should be a page number, not a date. And finally, there should be no commas separating the name and the page number.

What's wrong with this in-text citation:
(Smith, John, 1991)

Your name, the professor's name, the course name, and the date--in that order.

What are the four items included in the heading?

The citations are not in alphabetical order. This is the correct arrangement:
Federle, Tim. The Tequila Mockingbird Kit...
Lapetina, Adam. "Kale sucks: famous chefs reveal the most over/underrated veggies"...
Trillin, Calvin. The Tummy Trilogy...

Here is JPJ's works cited page:
Lapetina, Adam. "Kale sucks: famous chefs reveal the most over/underrated veggies"...
Trillin, Calvin. The Tummy Trilogy...
Federle, Tim. The Tequila Mockingbird Kit...

What's the issue here?

The author's last name and then the page number (there is no comma).
For example: (Deneve 123).

What items are included in an in-text citation?

When there are three or more authors, the first author's name is the only one listed. The other authors' names will be substituted with "et al."
For example: (Pickles et al. 57)

What is wrong here/how can it be corrected?
(Pickles, Finster, Carmichael, and DeVille 57).

Last name, First name. Title. Publisher, Date...

The above is, generally, how the citations are formatted. Check out OWL Excelsior for more details.

List the following items in the order they would appear on the works cited page:
-Title of work.
-Author's first name.
-Author's last name.
-Publisher.
-Date.

In a formal paper, it is best to avoid the use of pronouns (such as "I").

"Kale will bring about the downfall of our society, and spinach will, ultimately, be our savior."

In the introduction of JPJ's research paper, he writes: "I believe kale will bring about the downfall of our society, and I think that spinach will, ultimately, be our savior."

What might the issue be here?