| Matter and Energy | The History of the Atom | Atomic Structure | Ions and Abbreviations | Atomic Mass |
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2
How many atoms are in a molecule of a diatomic element?
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He was the first person to think about the atom.
Democritus was the first person to do what?
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+1 charge
What charge does a proton have?
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An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.
What is an ion?
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Atomic Mass Units or amu for short
What are the units for atomic mass?
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There is ALWAYS energy involved when there is a change in matter.
Is energy involved when there is a change in matter?
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The Proton
What did Eugene Goldstein discover?
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Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
What are the three subatomic particles that make up an atom?
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The charge is positive.
When you lose electrons, is your charge negative or postitive?
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It's a weighted average of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
What is the atomic mass?
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Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed or transferred.
What is the Law of Conservation of Energy state?
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Cathode Ray Tube Experiment
What was the name of Thomson's experiment which led to discovering the electron?
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It states the number of protons within the nucleus
What does the atomic number state for an element?
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Cations are positive ions, anions are negative ions.
What's the difference between cations and anions?
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Average = Sum of Values/Number of Values
How do you calculate a regular (non-weighted) average?
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The must be the same element and must be the same state of matter.
What are the two requirements for substances to be considered allotropes of each other?
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1. Everything is made up of indivisible particles called atoms.
2. All atoms of the same element are identical while atoms of different elements are different. 3. Atoms of different elements combine in whole-number ratios. 4. Chemical reactions involve the mixing, rearranging, and combining of atoms. One element is never changed into another.
Summarize two of Dalton's four major postulates.
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Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons, but with a different number of neutrons.
What is the definition of an isotope?
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A Phosphide anion has a -3 charge.
What charge should a Phosphorous ion have? what do we call that ion?
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The number of stable isotopes, the mass of each isotope, and the natural percent abundance of each isotope.
What are the three things you need to calculate the atomic mass?
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Chemical energy - energy absorbed or given off for an entire chemical process.
Bonding energy - energy absorbed or given off due to individual bonds being formed or broken.
What is the difference between chemical energy and bonding energy?
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Rutherford performed the Gold Foil Experiment. In this, he shot alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold foil and observed how the particles reacted. In some cases, they went completely through, while in other cases, they ricocheted off something. Through this, he discovered the nucleus!
Explain Ernest Rutherford's experiment and what was discovered through it.
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20 neutrons
How many neutrons does the Chlorine - 37 isotope have?
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It should have 14 electrons.
How many electrons should a Magnesium cation have?
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Approximately 14 amu
Nitrogen has two stable isotopes:
Nitrogen - 14 (99.6%) Nitrogen - 15 (0.4%) Using this information, what is the atomic mass of Nitrogen? |
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