| Genetics Vocabulary | Punnett Squares | DNA | Chromosomes | Protein Synthesis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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What is a trait?
These genetic characteristics are passed down from parents to offspring.
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What is the phenotype?
This is the term for the physical appearance an allele codes for.
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What is a double helix/ladder?
This is the shape that DNA can be found in.
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What is DNA?
This is the genetic information that is coiled up in chromosomes.
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What is the nucleus of the cell?
The location where the instructions for making proteins are held.
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What is recessive traits?
What are traits called that are taken over by dominant traits?
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What is genotype.
This is the term for the genetic combinations represented by the letters.
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What is nitrogen bases?
This is the name for the chemicals that make up the "steps" of the ladder.
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What is 23?
This is the number of chromosome pairs in the human genome.
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What is split in half/nitrogen bases split?
This must happen to the DNA before it can be replicated.
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What is heterozygous. For example, one parent passes the dominant allele for brown eyes, while one parent passes a recessive allele for blue eyes.
What is it called one parent passes a dominant allele and one parent passes a recessive allele for the same trait?
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What is zero percent.
Preform a cross between a pea plant of green pods (SS) with a pea plant of yellow pods (ss). What percent will be yellow?
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What is thymine?
Adenine always binds with what nitrogen base?
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What is Meiosis?
This is the process that allows cells to have the correct number of chromosomes.
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What is mRNA?
This is the type of RNA that carries the copied instructions from the nucleus, out to the cytoplasm, where the ribosomes sit.
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What is Gregor Mendel?
This is the scientist that discovered how recessive and dominant traits are passed.
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What is 50% brown, 50% blonde.
What are the percent phenotypes of a parent of who is heterozygous for brown hair (Hh) with a parent who is homozygous recessive for blonde hair (hh)?
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What is ACGGTC
State the nitrogen bases that would bind with the following DNA segment: TGCCAG
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What is crossing over?
This is the process when chromosome pieces switch segments.
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What is amino acids?
When tRNA comes to match with mRNA in the ribosomes, this protein-building structure is attached to it.
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What is Roseland Franklin?
This is the female scientist who worked with Watson and Crick to discover the microscopic shape of DNA.
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What is codominant, incomplete dominant, acquired traits.
Despite dominant and recessive traits, often times, offspring look very different from their parents. What kind of trait may cause this?
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What is take a DNA sample from a scene that contains body cells. DNA can be extracted and cut from these cells using special enzymes. If the DNA bases match (in order and length), one can conclude who committed the crime.
Describe how DNA from blood cells could be used to identify the culprit of a crime.
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What is genetic variation?
What does crossing over lead to that helps species survive?
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What is coil together/bunch up
This must happen to the amino acids for them to form a protein.
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