| Chapter 10 | Chapter 10 again | Chapter 10 some more | Chapter 10 ongoing | Chapter 10 - The end |
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What is the instrument based climate record and what does it tell us about climate variability and change?
Global Warming
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What are responsible for rainy season/dry season climates
Subtropical climates
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What is it that varies among regions during the 20th century in the United States
The magnitude of overall temperature change
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What is a single cell: weak updraft. Multicell cluster: weak moderate threat. Multicell line: weak, moderate threat. Supercell: intense, high threat.
Classification of thunderstorms
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What reports severe thunderstorms – surface winds stronger than 50 knots, .75 or penny size hail, flash floods and tornadoes. Usually form as part of squall line with cyclone, cold front.
National weather service
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What is the latitude of the the highest mean annual surface temperature located about 10 degrees north of the geographical equator?
Heat Equator
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What is most reliable in maritime climates, less in continental and least in arid regions
Rainfall
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What are the potential sources of error in hemispheric or global mean temperature records
Integrity of instrument data
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What is an enlongated cluster of thunderstorm cells that is accompanied by continuous gust front at the lines leading edge
Squall line
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What is intense heating of air by lightning discharge is accompanied by tremendous local increase in air pressure that generates a shock wave.
Thunder
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What is symmetrical with respect to the heat equator, decreasing magnitude towards the poles?
Mean Annual Isotherms
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What is it that focuses on how climates form in certain locales
Genetic Climate classification
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What are just important as temperature trends
Changes in the global water cycle, including the amount and patters of precipitation
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What is a quasi-circular cluster of many interacting thunderstorm cells covering and area perhaps a thousands times greater than a single isolated thunderstorm cell.
Mesoscale convective complex (MCC)
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What is frozen participitation in the form of balls or lumps of ice more than 5 mm in diameter. Develops in intense thunderstorm cells with strong updrafts, great vertical develop, and abundant supply of supercooled water droplets.
Hail
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What is the item in both hemispheres that follow the sun, shifting North and South in tandem?
Isotherms as they progress through the year
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What is it that infers the type of climate from environmental indicators such as distribution of indigenous vegetation
Empircal Climate Classification
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What are weather episodes that occur on or about a certain time of year frequently that chance would dictate
Singularities
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What complicates the motion of weather system, angle, constituent cells
Multicellular nature of thunderstorms
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What is the scale for: : 0: 65-85. 1: 86-110, 2:111-135, 3:136-165, 4:166-200, 5: >200.
Tornadoes
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What is it that exhibitds considerable spatial variability which can be attributed to the topography and land/sea distribution
Percipitation
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What is it that has lots of observational data from land and sea
Computing Global Mean Surface Temperature
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What consists of one or more convection cells each of which progresses through three stage life cycle: towering cumulus, mature, and dissipating.
Thunderstorms
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What is humid air in the low to mid troposphere, instabilities, updrift, tropical air, mountain slopes, converging winds
thunderstorm day – a day when thunder is heard
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What is a north south corridor stretching from eastern texas and texas panhandle northward through Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, and into south Dakota.
Tornado Ally
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