| Systemic Response to Injury and Metabolic Support | Fluid and electrolyte management of the surgical patient | Hemostasis, Surgical Bleeding and Transfusion | Shock | Miscellaneous |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Endothelin
What is potent mediator of vasoconstriction and is synthesized primarily by endothelial cells?
|
Loss of GI fluids
page 85
What is the most common cause of volume fluid deficit in Surgical patients?
|
Thromboxane A2 (TXA2)
page 103
What is produced locally at the site if injury via
the release of arachidonic acid from platelet membranes and is a potent constrictor of smooth muscle? |
Afterload
page 136
What is the force that resists Myocardial work during contraction?
|
5
page 1602
How many types are in the NYHUS Classification system of Hernia?
|
|
IL - 8
What is the cytokine that is a chemoattractant for neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes?
|
Alkalosis
page 91
Between Acidosis and Alkalosis, what decreases the activity of the chemoreceptors and decreases ventilation thereafter?
|
1. Adenosine
diphosphate (ADP) 2. Serotonin page 103
What are the are the principal mediators in
platelet aggregation? |
2-3 liters
page 143
How much blood can each pleural cavity hold?
|
Indirect inguinal hernia
page 1600
Which type of Hernia lateral to the inferior
epigastric vessels, through the deep inguinal ring? |
|
DAMPs
Damage - associated molecular pattern page 28
What are endogenous molecules that are produced
as a consequence of tissue damage or cellular stress which interact with specific cell receptors that are located both on the cell surface and intracellularly? |
3.5-5 mEq/L
page 89
What is the normal level of Serum Potassium?
|
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
page 109
What is a form of drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia that is an immunologic
event during which antibodies against platelet factor 4 (PF4) formed during exposure to heparin affect platelet activation and endothelial function with resultant thrombocytopenia and intravascular thrombosis? |
Class II
Page 142, Table 5-5
A stab wound patient presented at the ER anxious, with vital signs revealing a HR of 110 bpm, with noted drop in blood pressure when he stood up. The relative accompanying the patient stated that the patient had lost a lot of blood while on the way to the hospital, further stating: "It could fill up the biggest bottle of Coke!", What classification of hemorrhage does the patient have?
|
Triangle of doom OR Triangle of Pain OR Circle of Death
page 1603
What is bordered medially by the vas deferens and laterally by the vessels of the spermatic cord?
|
|
Ketone bodies
Page 61
In extended fasting, this becomes an
important fuel source for the brain after 2 days and gradually become the principal fuel source by 24 days. |
35000ml or 35 Liters
page 83
What is the estimated total body water of a 70kg female patient?
|
1. Vascular constriction
2. Platelet plug formation 3. Fibrin formation 4. Fibrinolysis page 103
What is the four major physiologic
events participate in the hemostatic process? |
Neurologic Shock
Page 135 Table 5-2
What is the type of shock wherein there is increased in Cardiac Index, Decrease in Systemic Vascular resistance, little effect in Venous capacitance, Decrease in CVP?
|
Incarcerated hernia
This occurs when hernia contents fail to reduce and could treated non-operatively?
|
|
Major burns
Figure 2-18
What is the injury that causes the greatest increase in Resting Metabolism?
|
1. Shortened QT interval
2. Prolonged PR and QRS interval 3. Increased QRS voltage 4. T wave flattening and widening 5. Atrioventricular block page 90
What are the 5 ECG changes in Hypercalcemia?
|
Factors II, IX, X, XI, XII
What factors can be seen in the extrinsic arm of the Coagulation cascade?
|
1. Serum lactate
2. Base deficit Page 142
What are the 2 measurements that are helpful to both estimate and monitor the extent of bleeding and shock?
The 1st could be an indirect marker of tissue hypoperfusion, cellular 02 debt and the seveirty of hemorrhagic shock. The second could provide indirect estimation of tissue acidosis from hypoperfusion. |
Strangulated hernia
A surgical emergency when there is impending compromise of intestinal contents manifested as hernia bulge as warm, tender with accompanying fever, hemodynamic instability and leukocytosis.
|
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