Microbiology | Spectrum of Activity | Mechanisms of Action | Antibiotic Monitoring/ADRs | Common Pathogens |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gram negative = pink
Gram positive = purple
Gram _________ organisms stain pink under microbiologic staining.
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Vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin, doxycycline, ceftaroline, omadacycline, eravacycline, tigecycline, oritavancin, dalbavancin, delafloxacin
Agents that cover MRSA? List 3 for full credit
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Beta lactams, vancomycin, daptomycin
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors?
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Nephrotoxicity, skin reactions
Vancomycin
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Strep pneumo, H.flu, Moraxella catarrhalis
Pneumonia Infections
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Cocci: Streptococcus, staphylococcus, enterococcus
Rods: Clostridium, mycobacterium, Corynebacterium, listeria, actinomyces
Gram positive organisms? List 3 for full credit
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Zosyn, cefepime, ceftazidime, meropenem, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, cefedirocol
Agents that cover Pseudomonas? List 3 for full credit
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Fluoroquinolones
Inhibit DNA gyrase/topoisomerase IV?
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Lactic acidosis, myelosuppression, peripheral neuropathy, serotonin syndrome
Linezolid
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Strep
Age > 50: listeria
Meningitis
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Ecoli, Klebsiella, Morganella, Proteus, Providencia, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Serratia, haemophilus influenza
Gram negative organisms? List 3 for full credit
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Vancomycin, metronidazole, fidaxomicin
Agents that cover Cdiff infections? List 1 for full credit
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Bactrim
Inhibits folate synthesis?
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Aortic aneursym, arthalgias, CNS effects/neuroexcitation, glucose dysregulation, hepatotoxicity, myasthenia gravis, peripheral neuropathy, phototoxicity, QT prolongation, tendon rupture
Fluoroquinolones
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Staph, strep
Cellulitis
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Positive: Actinomyces, Clostridium
Negative: Bacteroides
Anaerobic organisms? List 1 for full credit
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Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol
Agents that cover Mycoplasma tuberculosis?
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Macrolides, clindamycin, linezolid
Inhibits protein synthesis via 50S subunit?
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Bone growth suppression, esophageal injury, photosensitivity, skin hyperpigmentation
Tetracyclines
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Staph, strep, EC, HACEK (Haemophilus aphrophilus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, and Kingella kingae)
Endocarditis
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The cell wall of gram-positive bacteria is composed of thick layers peptidoglycan. The cell wall of gram-negative bacteria is composed of thin layers of peptidoglycan. In the gram staining procedure, gram-positive cells retain the purple colored stain.
Structural differences between gram positive and gram negative organisms?
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KPC: fetroja, avycaz, recarbio, vabomere
MBL: fetroja
Agents that cover carbapenamse-resistant (CRE) gram negative organims?
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Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, tigecycline
Inhibits protein synthesis via 30S subunit?
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Ceftriaxone, oxacillin, nafcillin, metronidazole, moxifloxacin, azithromycin, linezolid
Antibiotics that do NOT require renal adjustments
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The main pathogens associated with community-acquired IAIs are Enterobacteriaceae (predominantly E coli ) and anaerobes, particularly Bacteroides fragilis. Healthcare-associated IAIs occur secondary to resistant nonfermenting gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter species, ESBL Klebsiella species, and E coli. Additionally, Enterobacter and Proteus species, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Candida organisms may also be present in healthcare-associated IAIs
Intra-abdominal infections
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