Membranous structures in a chloroplast
that are stacked, flattened disks

In Glycogen, this is forms the branch point of glucose linkage

These stimulate smooth muscle, regulate blood flow, adhesion of blood platelets, inflammation.

Small highly conserved protein that tags proteins for proteolytic destruction

A pathway that helps save energy by saving purine
and pyrimidine base produced in diet

Which of the following is/are light harvesting molecules?
A) vitamin D
B) carotenoids
C) chlorophyll b
D) plastocyanin
E) B and C

Enzyme converts inactive glycogen phosphorylase kinase to active glycogen phosphorylase kinase.
Activated by increased calcium and cAMP

Synthesis of malonyl CoA is a reaction catalyzed by __________________, a key regulatory in fatty acid metabolism.

Aminotransferase catalyzes transamination with a _________________ cofactor.

An activated ribose generated from
the pentose phosphate pathway and an important
compound for the purine and pyrimidine
de novo synthesis

The D1 and D2 subunits of photosystem II:
A) span the thylakoid membrane.
B) are similar to each other.
C) are homologous to the L and M chains of the bacterial center.
D) A and C.
E) A, B, and C.

Phosphorylation of some enzymes by ATP converts these enzymes from an active form into a form that is inactive. Which of the following conversions exemplifies this process

A. Trypsinogen to trypsin
B. Phosphorylase b to phosphorylase a
C. Phosphodiesterase a to phosphodiesterase b
D. Glycogen synthetase I (synthase a) to glycogen synthetase D

Enzyme in synthesis of cholesterol, __________, target for cholesterol-lowering drugs, the statins

The transfer of the activated amide of carbamoyl phosphate to the d-amino of _________ forms another amino acid _________.

Which of the following coenzymes is required for synthesis of pyrimidines, such as thymine?

a)Niacin
b)Thiamine
c)Folic acid
d)Riboflavin
e)Pyridoxine
Folic acid

Another name for the CF1-CF0 complex is ____________

Muscle glycogen phosphorylase is activated by

a. epinephrine
b. glucagon
c. insulin

1. (a) only
2. (a) and (b)
3. (a) and (c)
4. (b) only
5. (b) and (c)
6. (c) only
7. all of the above

Which of the following statements is true concerning fatty acid synthesis and fatty acid breakdown?

A. Both are mitochondrial functions.
B. Both require phosphopantothenic acid.
C. Both share common electron donors and acceptors.
D. Both share common enzymes for oxidation and reduction reactions.

Two amino acids are solely ketogenic?

ATCase is inhibited by _____, the final product
of pyrimidine biosynthesis

How is light used in photosynthesis?
A) The light is necessary to make the chlorophyll green, so the pigment can transmitelectrons.
B) The light is used to generate high-energy electrons with great reducing potential.
C) The light provides heat energy for the chloroplasts.
D) The light is absorbed by oxygen, which is converted into water.
E) None of the above.

Shuts down glycogen phosphorylase and phosphorylase kinase, while stimulating glycogen synthase.

The pathway of extramitochondrial synthesis of even-numbered fatty acids differs from that of the catabolism of fatty acids in that

A. malonyl CoA is an intermediate in synthesis
B. acyl carrier protein is needed in catabolism
C. no flavoprotein enzymes are required for catabolism
D. propionyl CoA may serve as an intermediate in
synthesis

a biochemical signal that any ammonia generated must be disposed of

From what common intermediate are all purine ribonucleoside phosphates synthesized de novo?

A. Inosine phosphate
B. Guanosine phosphate
C. Adenosine phosphate
D. Guanosine diphosphate
E. Deoxyadenosine phosphate