| Immune System | Diagnostic Tests | Word Knowledge | Multiple Myeloma Effects | Guidelines |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
What is bone marrow and the thymus?
The primary organs of the immune system.
|
What is Xray, MRI, CT, and PET?
4 imaging tests that can be done to help diagnose a patient with Multiple Myeloma
|
What are antibodies?
Circulating proteins that are produced in response to exposure to antigens; the mediators
of humoral immunity against all types of microbes |
What are disease stage (ie, R-ISS stage), patient-related factors (eg, age, kidney function, and overall health), and treatment response?
The 3 factors that affect a patient’s prognosis.
|
What are the mSMART guidelines?
Doctors must stratify patients with relapsed multiple myeloma into 2 risk groups, high-risk and standard-risk using these guidelines.
|
|
What are T Cells?
Types of cells that cannot identify antigens on their own, and go through a 2-step activation process to prevent them from attacking healthy cells.
|
What is a bone marrow biopsy (plasma cell FISH)?
A test done to determine del17p13, t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20)
|
What is a complete response?
A negative immunofixation on the serum and urine and disappearance of any soft tissue
plasmacytomas and <5% plasma cells in bone marrow aspirates |
What is fatigue and bone pain?
How multiple myeloma typically presents subjectively to a patient.
|
What are the NCCN guidelines?
Based on these guidelines, triplet regimens should be used as the standard therapy for patients with multiple myeloma.
|
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What are plasma cells?
Cells that produce antibodies.
|
What is 60% or more clonal plasma cells (S), light chains (Li), and MRI (M) elevated calcium levels (C), renal failure (R), anemia (A), and bone lesions (B)?
The acronym SLiM CRAB is used to describe this staging criteria
|
What is hypercalcemia?
High levels of calcium in the blood resulting from the destruction of bone in patients with
multiple myeloma |
What are high levels of urine protein?
The most common way to check for symptomatic multiple myeloma.
|
What is III?
A patient with serum B2-microglobulin ≥5.5 mg/L, presence of del17p and/or t(4;14) and/or t(14;16), and/or serum LDH>ULN is considered this Stage.
|
|
What is IgG?
The most common type of monoclonal antibody produced by myeloma cells
|
What is <40 mL per minute or serum creatinine >177mol/L (>2mg/dL)?
The creatinine clearance used to define renal insufficiency in active myeloma
|
What are memory cells?
Immune cells that recognize antigens they have encountered before that help mediate a
rapid and enhanced response upon subsequent encounters |
What are Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Serum beta (β)2-microglobulin?
Blood laboratory tests used at
diagnosis to stage patients with multiple myeloma. |
What is standard risk?
Risk category, per the mSMART guidelines, for Trisomies, t(11;14), and t(6;14).
|
|
What are Chemotherapy, Monoclonal antibodies, and CAR-T cell therapy?
3 Therapies multiple myeloma can develop a resistance to
|
What is MGUS?
A disorder that is defined as serum M-protein less than 30 g/L, bone marrow clonal plasma cells less than 10 percent, absence of plasma cell myeloma-related end-organ damage
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What are cytokines?
Proteins that stimulate or suppress immune system function
|
What is age?
The most important patient factor in determining prognosis in multiple myeloma.
|
What is NCCN?
Guidelines that have a panel of myeloma experts who encourages people with solitary plasmacytoma to consider joining a clinical trial as a primary treatment option.
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