The fastest growing clientele for professional counselors are persons
a. experiencing bipolar disorder.
b. experiencing suicidal ideation.
c. experiencing marriage and family problems.
d. who abuse their children.

In the late 1970s, AACD (known as ACA since 1992) began to focus very heavily on professional credentialing. This led to the formation of the
a. CCMHC.
b. NBCC.
c. CACREP, formed in 1981.
d. APGA, formed in 1952.

A counselor peruses a testing catalog in search of

a test which will repeatedly give consistent results. The counselor a. is interested in reliability.
b. is interested in validity.
c. is looking for information which is not available.
d. is magnifying an unimportant issue.

A researcher working with a personality test discovers that the test has a reliability coefficient of .70 which is somewhat typical. This indicates that

a. 70% of the score is accurate while 30% is inaccurate.
b. 30% of the people who are tested will receive accurate scores.
c. 70% of the people who are tested will receive accurate scores.
d. 30% of the score is accurate while 70% is inaccurate..

________ believe that aggression is learned. Thus, a child who witnesses aggressive behavior in adults may imitate the aggressive behavior.

a. Instinct theorists
b. Innate aggression theorists
c. Social learning theorists
d. Followers of Erik Erikson

Cybernetics is a concept used by family therapists. It is usually associated with the work of
a. Sigmund Freud and Albert Ellis.
b. Norbert Wiener.
c. Virginia Satir.
d. behavioral family therapists and cognitive family therapists.

Which choice would most likely violate the counseling ethic or law termed “scope of practice”?

a. A counselor who is using good, accurate empathy with a client, but fails to confront her about her excessive drinking.
b. A licensed counselor who gives the client a DSM diagnostic code for insurance.
c. A counselor who is too active-directive with a client.
d. A counselor who is conducting a strict Freudian psychoanalysis with the client.

Which measure would yield the highest level of reliability?

a. A TAT, projective test popular with psychodynamic helpers.
b. The WAIS-IV, a popular IQ test.
c. The MMPI-2, a popular personality test.
d. A very accurate postage scale.

The same test is given to the same group of people using the test–retest reliability method. The correlation between the first and second administration is .70. The true variance (i.e., the percentage of shared variance or the level of the same thing measured in both) is

a. 70%.
b. 100%.
c. 50%.
d. 49%.

The term contextualism implies that

a. multicultural counseling is the oldest subspecialty in the profession.
b. behavior must be assessed in the context of the culture in which the behavior occurs.
c. the notion of worldview is highly inaccurate.
d. projective tests are more accurate than objective measures measures when performing cross-cultural counseling.

907. A family that is stable and reaches an equilibrium is in a state of
a. adaptability.
b. enmeshment.
c. nonsummativity.
d. homeostasis.

State laws can govern title usage and practice, however, they do not govern
a. accreditation.
b. counselor licensure.
c. psychologist licensure.
d. involuntary commitment to state psychiatric facilities.

Face validity refers to the extent that a test

a. looks or appears to measure the intended attribute.
b. measures a theoretical construct.
c. appears to be constructed in an artistic fashion.
d. can be compared to job performance

A career counselor is using a test for job selection purposes. An acceptable reliability coefficient would be ________ or higher.

a. .20
b. .55
c. .80
d. .70

Carol Gilligan, although she was an assistant to Lawrence Kohlberg, was critical of his theory of moral development

a. as she felt it was too psychoanalytic.
b. as she felt it was too behavioristic.
c. as she felt it was not applicable to African Americans.
d. as she felt it was more applicable to males than females.

Virginia Satir felt that a major goal of therapy was to improve intrafamily communication (i.e., communication between family members). According to Satir, four basic patterns prevented good communication under stress. These defensive postures or stress positions are: placating, blaming, being overly reasonable, and being irrelevant. Placating means

a. you disagree with all the other family members.
b. you pick a favorite family member and agree with him or her.
c. you ignore the other family members.
d. you try to please everybody out of a fear of rejection.

A statement of disclosure could include all except:

a. A list of the courses the counselor took in graduate school.
b. The counselor’s qualifications, office hours, and billing policies.
c. Emergency procedures and therapy techniques utilized.
d. A statement that confidentiality is desirable, but cannot be guaranteed in a group setting.

When a counselor tells a client that the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) will predict her ability to handle graduate work, the counselor is referring to

a. good concurrent validity.
b. construct validity.
c. face validity.
d. predictive validity.

Francis Galton felt intelligence was

a. a unitary faculty.
b. best explained via a two factor theory.
c. best explained via the person’s environment.
d. fluid and crystallized in nature.

A wealth of research demonstrates that

a. surprisingly enough, African Americans generally request Asian American counselors.
b. surprisingly enough, Asian Americans generally request African American counselors.
c. in most instances, clients prefer a counselor of the same race and a similar cultural background.
d. in most instances, clients prefer a counselor of the same race, yet a different culture.

A behavioristic marriage and family therapist is counseling the entire family together. She turns to the 18-year-old son who is attending community college and says, “You must complete your sociology essay before you can use the family car and go out with your friends.” Which theorist is primarily guiding her intervention strategy?

a. David Premack’s principle or law.
b. Ivan Pavlov and John B. Watson.
c. B. F. Skinner.
d. all of the above.

In regard to state law and privileged communication, counselors must be aware that

a. privileged communication exists in every state in the union for LPCs.
b. laws are unclear and may vary from state to state.
c. there are no laws which govern this issue.
d. state psychology laws are applicable in this respect.

A reliable test is ________ valid.

a. always
b. 90%
c. not always
d. 80%

A counselor is told by his supervisor to measure the internal consistency reliability (i.e., homogeneity) of a test but not to divide the test in halves. The counselor would need to utilize

a. the split-half method.
b. the test–retest method.
c. the Kuder–Richardson coefficients of equivalence.
d. cross-validation.

A popular cognitive consistency or balance theory in social psychology is ________ cognitive dissonance theory.

a. Dollard and Miller’s
b. Crites and Roe’s
c. Festinger’s
d. Holland and Super’s