| Basic Structure and Function | Nervous Tissue | Function | Action Potential | Communication Between Neurons |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
neurons and glial cells
What are two basic types of cells in CNS and PNS?
|
from dendrites, across the cell body and down the axon
What direction does an action potential move along a neuron?
|
graded potential
What is a change in the membrane potential that varies in size, depending on the size of the stimulus that elicits it?
|
a ligand (neurotransmitter)
What binds to extracellular region of ligand-gated channel?
|
depolarizing and hyperpolarizing
What are the two kinds of graded potentials?
|
|
dendrites
What part of neuron receives most of the input from other neurons?
|
insulation and myelination
What functions do oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells have in common?
|
threshold
What is the membrane voltage at which an action potential is initiated?
|
large negative proteins, chloride ions and nucleic acids inside cell
What keeps a cell membrane negatively polarized?
|
unipolar cell
What type of neuron does a generator potential occur in?
|
|
ganglion
What is a cluster of neurons in PNS called?
|
immune surveillance and phagocytosis
What is the function of a microglia in CNS?
|
action potential
What is a change in voltage of a cell membrane in response to a stimulus that results in transmission of an electrical signal (unique to neurons and muscle fibers)?
|
becomes depolarized (membrane potential moves toward zero)
What happens to cell membrane potential as Na+ moves through it?
|
temporal summation
What kind of summation is a combination of graded potentials at same location from one input?
|
|
gray matter
What region in brain contains cell bodies, dendrites and unmyelinated axons?
|
line each ventricle in heart
Where can ependymal cells be found?
|
a lower motor neuron
What does an upper motor neuron contracts?
|
absolute refractory period and relative refractory period
What are the two phases of the refractory period?
|
metabolic changes
What kind of changes does a metabotropic receptor cause in a cell?
|
|
somatic nervous system (SNS)
What functional division of brain is responsible for conscious perception and voluntary motor responses?
|
myelin sheath
What facilitates transmission of electrical signals along the axon?
|
causes contraction of a targeted skeletal muscle
What is the function of a lower motor neuron?
|
a myelinated axon
What kind of axon does a saltatory conduction travel along?
|
presynaptic element, neurotransmitter, synaptic cleft, receptor proteins, postsynaptic element and neurotransmitter elimination or re-uptake
What do all synapses have in common?
|
