Anatomy | Neurons | Ion Channels | Action Potentials | Synapses & Neurotransmitters |
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What are the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes?
These are the four lobes of the cortex.
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What are the dendrites, soma, axon, and nerve terminal?
These are the four parts of a neuron.
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What are sodium and chloride?
These ions are more concentrated outside the cell than inside the cell.
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What are initiation, the rising phase, the falling phase, the undershoot, and the return to rest?
These are the five steps of an action potential (in order).
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What are chemical synapses?
This is the most common type of synapse in the nervous system.
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What is the parietal lobe?
This lobe of the cortex is important for the sense of touch.
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What is an astrocyte?
This type of glial cell forms the blood brain barrier.
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What are active channels?
This type of channel uses ATP to push ions against their concentration gradient.
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What are voltage-gated potassium channels?
This is the channel that is open during the falling phase.
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What is calcium?
This is the cation that enters the nerve terminal when an action potential reaches the end of the axon.
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What is the hippocampus?
This structure is part of the forebrain and is involved in long-term memory storage.
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What is an interneuron?
This type of neuron has its soma in one place and its axon terminal nearby.
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What is the membrane potential?
This term refers to the charge of the inside of the cell relative to the outside of the cell.
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What is summation?
This term describes action potentials "piggy-backing" on each other.
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What is acetylcholine?
This is the neurotransmitter that is important for skeletal muscle control.
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What is the pons?
This structure is part of the hindbrain and is involved in sleep and posture.
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What is excitability?
This term describes a neuron's ability to receive and send signals (action potentials).
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What is the equilibrium potential?
This term refers to the concentration of a specific ion inside the cell relative to outside the cell.
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What is the absolute refractory period?
This is the period when a neuron cannot fire another action potential because voltage-gated sodium channels are inactivated.
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What are reuptake, breakdown by an enzyme, and diffusion.
These are the three things that can happen to neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft when it doesn't bind to the post-synaptic membrane.
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What is the tegmentum?
This structure is part of the midbrain and is involved in motor coordination.
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What are Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes?
These types of glial cells surround the axons of neurons and form a substance called myelin.
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What is -90 mV?
This is the equilibrium potential of potassium.
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What are conductance and driving force?
These are the two factors that contribute to current (I).
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What are SNARE proteins?
These are the vesicle membrane proteins that intertwine with cell membrane proteins before the vesicle fuses with the membrane.
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