energy, protein, vitamins, minerals, water

not typical in wild horse diets, more energy dense than carbs

most essential nutrient, makes up 60% of body

high in fiber, often used as roughage source or decrease energy density in feed

intermediate energy density

fuel to do work, measured in Megacalories (Mcal)

major component of tissues, made up of amino acids

forage/roughage (pasture/hay), concentrates (grain)

increase energy density, common are corn/soybean oil

added concentrate or "top-dressed", common oils are corn and soy, other non-oils are rice bran or flax seed

amount of Mcals required daily by most horses

lysine

palatable, lower calories, higher fiber, whole or processed

maintenance of body weight and body conditioning

add energy, spare glycogen, less "hot", both temp and temperament

simple, starches & sugars, digested in small intestine, absorbed as glucose

inorganic compound needed for body functions, usually assists enzymes

high in starch, energy dense, lysine deficient

.75% of bodyweight

feed like maintenance until 3rd--, at 3rd--, increase energy by 1.5x, slight protein increase

digested by bacteria in large intestine, absorbed by VFAs

assist in functions, fat soluble: A- vision, D - calcium & bone formation, E - antioxidant, K - blood clotting

commonly added to increase protein quality, high in lysine

KISS

time energy is most required