| Psychological Theories | Exploration Stage | Insight Stage | Action Stage | Miscellaneous |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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What are the three major psychological theories we discussed in class?
Psychoanalytic, Cognitive-Behavioral and Humanistic
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What are the 4 main skills in the exploration stage?
1. non-verbal attending
2. restatement 3. reflection of feeling 4. open question/open probe |
What are the main skills used in the insight stage?
Open Questions/Probes for Insight
Challenges Interpretation Immediacy |
What does the acronym SMART goals stand for?
Specific
Measureable Attainable Relevant Time-limited |
What is typically the intention of using restatements in the exploration stage?
-To clarify what the client is saying
-check for understanding -let the client know you are listening -to build rapport |
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Which theory considers it important to identify unconscious feelings, thoughts, and desires in order to help the client change?
Psychoanalytic
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Provide an example of an open question and a closed question
FREE RESPONSE
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What kind of challenge of discrepancy is this:
Client says they do not care about their grades, but they cry whenever discussing them.
Discrepancy between words and actions or between words and feelings.
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What is one example of a relaxation exercise?
Options:
deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, guided imagery |
What are some things the helper should avoid doing especially in the exploration stage?
-avoid self-disclosure
-avoid advice giving -avoid using interpretations |
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What are the 3 necessary conditions for change according to client-centered/humanistic therapy?
1. Unconditional Positive Regard for the client
2. empathy fo the client 3. congruence (authenticity) of the therapist *This all helps build a strong working relationship with therapist. |
What is the most common open probe used in counseling/peer counseling?
Tell me more about that
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Give an example of a challenge.
FREE RESPONSE
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What are important steps to use to follow-up after giving an action oriented intervention?
Evaluate how well the intervention worked for the client and revise based on how it went for them.
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What type of insight connects affect to intellect and helps create a sense of personal responsibility in the client?
Emotional Insight
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What is one of the primary mechanisms for change from a humanistic perspective?
The individual must identify and connect with their authentic values and live according to internal values rather than external standards. AND/OR
The individual must experience a new type of relationship with the therapist in which they can be truly authentic. |
Why are reflections of feeling used?
-To intensify feelings
-To clarify feelings -To target underlying feelings |
What is the difference between an interpretation and a restatement?
Interpretation seeks to identify underlying themes and patterns and it extends beyond just paraphrasing what the client has said. It provides the helper's conjecture about the issue or the patterns they have noticed.
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What is behavioral rehearsal and why is it used?
Behavioral Rehearsal is when the client is asked to do a role-play to practice a new behavior in session.
It is used to help client gain support from therapist, get feedback about their approach and reduce their anxiety before trying a new behavior in the real world situation. |
What is the most likely source of leakage when it comes to non-verbal behaviors?
Adaptors
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What is one of the primary mechanisms of change from a cognitive-behavioral perspective?
The individual must identify negative, irrational and maladaptive beliefs and learn to challenge them and replace them with more rational and flexible beliefs.
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What are the 3 most important emotions for therapeutic change?
shame, pain and hurt
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Give an example of immediacy.
FREE RESPONSE
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What is the miracle question? Give and example and explain why it is used.
Ex: If you were to wake up tomorrow and your anxiety were to be gone, how would you know? What would your life look like?
Reason: To help clients construct a vision of their life without the problem, to explore potential solutions and to help make their goals more concrete |
It is important to assess for the client's _________ before proceeding with an action-oriented intervention.
Motivation or readiness for change
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