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Definitions Determinants Interventions Pearls & Peeves
What is POPULATION HEALTH?
This term refers to the health outcomes of a group of individuals, and the distribution of such outcomes within a group.
What is E?
Premature mortality: total number of deaths before life expectancy ie <77yo in US; determinants a-d are listed in order of most freq-least freq cause of premature death in US. Not listed: environmental exposures e.g. air/water quality, occupational hazards.
The following are determinants of health contributing to premature mortality in the US:
a. behavioral patterns, b. genetics, c. social circumstances, d. medical care, e. all of the above?
What is E?
Absentee ballots, hospital or med school communication directors, collaborating with legal clinics all help!
Busy clinicians can improve health through
a. voting, b. writing an op-ed, c. speaking w local govt d. medical-legal partnerships, e. all of the above
What is T?
Life expectancy is similar to less wealthy nations (e.g. Portugal, S. Korea) and is even worse when stratified by race (Life expectancy in US: up to 14y lower in Blacks than in Asians, depending on region of US)
T or F: Despite having the highest per capita income in the world, the US lags behind other nations in life expectancy at birth.
What is HEALTH LITERACY?
This is the degree to which individuals have the capacity to understand basic health info in order to make health care decisions.
What is D? Lack of access to care, delays in dx/tx, and medical errors cause 11% of premature deaths in the US.
MEDICAL CARE (i.e. errors/delays) is responsible for what proportion of premature death in the US?
a. 60% b. 40% c. 25% d. 10% e. 5%
What is (any of the following:) teach-back method, using simple ratios (3/1000 vs 0.3%,) written/verbal/visual communication
This is one example of leveraging patients' HEALTH LITERACY to improve communication (multiple possible answers; pls give one example.)
What is a SOCIO-ECOLOGIC model of health?
Other models include upstream-downstream (public health) or pyramid models of health.
This is a model (framework) of health that organizes determinants of health into indiv, community, and environmental levels or domains.
What is C?
This is the range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health outcomes (pick one:)
a. health disparity, b. health equity, c. determinant of health, d. built environment, e. population health
What is the BUILT ENVIRONMENT?
This is an environmental-level determinant of health that influences behavior through man-made structures, e.g. food deserts, safe spaces for physical activity, violence
What are (multidisciplinary) co-located visits? Neuromuscular clinic (neuro/us/neurosurg) PCP (w DM ed, soc work)
This intervention has improved adherence through coordinating care in 1 location: e.g. subspecialists, u/s, med mgmt, soc work
What is C?
(Given COVID-19, hats off to essential workers, esp outside of hospital settings)
This is how often you should allow friends in law, business, and at start-ups think that they are working harder than you:
a. sometimes b. always c. never
What is the BUILT ENVIRONMENT?
Also acceptable: neighborhood wealth is a stronger predictor of mortality than individual income in a national sample of veterans (Nelson 2017)
"Our zip code may be more important than our genetic code" refers to which DETERMINANT of health? (Hint: environmental determinant includes walkability, food deserts, social distancing/ability to avoid overcrowding)

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