Learning: Classical Conditioning | Psychologists | Types of Memory | Long-Term Memory |
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What occurs if a conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without being followed by a UCS
Extinction
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Who studied learning involving the association of two stimuli?
Ivan Pavlov
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What are the three stages of memory?
Sensory, Iconic, Long Term
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What is cryptomnesia?
A memory illusion in which people believe that some work they have done is a novel creation when, in fact, it is not original
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What is the tendency for a new stimulus to elicit the same response as the original conditioned stimulus
Generalization
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Who developed the Law of Effect?
Edward Thorndike
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What is the memory of how to perform skilled motor activities, which have become well-learned habits and are carried out automatically (without conscious thought)
Procedural Memory
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What is infantile amnesia?
The inability to remember events that occurred during the early part of life
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What is the tendency to respond to some stimuli while not responding to other stimuli
Discrimination
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Who is associated with positive reinforcement, shaping, and cumulative records
B.F Skinner
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What is a theory describes concepts in long-term memory as being organized in a complex network of associations theory?
Semantic Network Model
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What are distortions and alterations in a witness’ memory due to receiving misleading information during questioning?
Misinformation effects
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What occurs when a CS is presented following extinction and the passing of time
Spontaneous Recovery
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Who believed that animals could develop cognitive maps of their environment
Edward C. Tolman
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What theory denies the existence of distinct short-and long-term memory systems and long0term memory systems and instead proposes that the more deeply information is cognitively processed, the more likely it is to be recalled
Levels of Processing Model
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What is a retrieval rule stating that retrieving information from long-term memory is most likely to occur when the conditions at retrieval closely match the conditions present during the original learning?
Encoding specificity principle
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What is the classical conditioning procedure in which a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus after being paired with an existing conditioned stimulus
Higher-order conditioning
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Who emphasized learning through observation and imitation?
Albert Bandura
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What is the memory model in which a large network of interconnected neurons, or processing units, distributed throughout the brain simultaneously work on different memory tasks
Parallel Distributed Processing Model
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The tendency for retrieval from memory to be better when our state of mind during retrieval matches our state during encoding is _________
State-dependent memory
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