Agonist, opiates, amphetamines

Psychological, environmental, and cultural factors.

By increasing activity of the inhibitor neurotransmitter GABA.

Anxiety, insomnia, and possibly seizures.

Antagonist, antipsychotics

Tolerance - happens when human body attempts to maintain homeostasis by releasing compensatory drugs.

Withdrawal - occurs when an individual discontinues drug use and the compensatory response no longer balances homeostasis.

Genetic predisposition, personality traits, religious beliefs, peer influence, and cultural norms.

Loss of coordination, depression, and severe memory impairment.

Neurotransmitters:
1) are synthesized in presynaptic neuron and stored in vesicles.
2) are released into synapse where they bind with and stimulate receptor sites on post synaptic neuron.
3) molecules are deactivated by enzymes or reuptake.

Drug taken in an unfamiliar setting results in weaker condition compensatory responses and the drug has a stronger physiological affect than usual.

If drug is taken at a usual high dose in a familiar environment, conditional compensatory responses will be at full strength.

Withdrawal symptoms can be severe. Temporary increase of dopamine provides pleasurable feelings, but if the drug stops then the dopamine increase stops (people become addicted to that feeling).

To act as sedatives and relaxants, commonly for sleep or anti-anxiety.

Opiates can be drugs like morphine, codeine, or oxycodone, which bind to activating receptors that normally receive endorphins that play a role in pain relief.

Barbiturate - a nervous system depressant, like sleeping pills and anti-anxiety medications that inhibit GABA and can be physiologically addictive.

Amphetamine - can stimulate the nervous system by increasing dopamine, which causes pleasurable feelings that can be addictive

Taking a regular high dose in a familiar environment will facilitate the body in producing compensatory responses.

Taking the same high dose in an unfamiliar environment will not garner the same compensatory responses, which will elicit a stronger reaction from the drugs and will likely result in an overdose.

Reduce appetite and fatigue, decreased need for sleep, and reduce depression.