| Layers & Dimensions | Register, Corpus, & Lexicon | Compare/Contrast | Main Ideas & Supporting Details | Social Behavior & Organization |
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onions, ogres, or cakes
Languages can be compared to ________ or __________ because both have layers.
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1. field/topic - what is being talked/written about
2. tenor/relationship between people communicating 3. mode - how much spoken-like vs. written-like
Describe the three parts of register.
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Unlike a dictionary, a corpus gives us clues as to the social meanings of language.
Unlike
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False. The first sentence can simply be an introduction or a transition - The main idea can come after that or not be stated at all, requiring us to infer it.
True/False & Explain Why:
The first sentence is a paragraph always expresses the main idea of the paragraph. |
A fully-grown male who has no mate/family of his own.
What is a bachelor?
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discourse
____________ is the 7th and outermost layer of language.
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Because it is a collection of real-life language usage, a corpus is useful for finding out frequency information for words and phrases and in what registers/contexts the words/phrases are used in.
What is a corpus such as COCA useful for?
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Dictionaries and corpuses are types of resources about language. Both are very useful.
Both
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A main idea tells you what the paragraph is about, while a supporting detail gives more information about a specific piece of the main idea.
Describe the relationship between a main idea and a supporting detail.
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Hierarchy
Describe the social organization of humans and apes according to "The Ape in the Office".
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form
The particular verb tenses and endings, word choice, and pronunciation of a word are included in this DIMENSION of language.
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A text/postcard to my best friend or a comment on social media is a written register, but it uses spoken-like language. In contrast, a job interview is a spoken register that uses written-like language.
Give a specific example of a written or a spoken register. Label it as written-like or spoken-like.
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While I generally like seafood, I do not like squid or octopus.
While
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Answers will vary. You should be able to do this for any paragraph.
One answer: Male elephants are actually social, unlike what people thought.
In your own words, state the main idea of the following paragraph:
"Previously, male elephants were perceived to be less social than females. However, a study shows that males often form intense friendships with other males. O' Connell found that each member knew his status and followed a strict hierarchy. Older male elephants acted as teachers and mediators, disciplining younger elephants when conflict occurred. These young bulls know to get in line behind senior elephants. Such social organization is helpful when food and drink start to run out." |
Female
Among geladas, which gender has more power to make decisions?
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form & meaning
The two out of three dimensions of language to which prefixes and suffixes belong.
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Lexicogrammar includes how to USE the words in various contexts, with different people, how to change the words to work as different POS, etc. , not just what they mean.
How is lexicogrammar different from memorizing the definitions of words?
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You may not have your phone with you during the SAT. Likewise, smart watches and other electronic communication devices are not allowed.
Likewise
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Answers will vary. You should be able to do this for any paragraph.
One answer: One advantage of having a social group is prioritizing who gets to eat/drink.
In your own words, state a supporting idea of the following paragraph:
"Previously, male elephants were perceived to be less social than females. However, a study shows that males often form intense friendships with other males. O' Connell found that each member knew his status and followed a strict hierarchy. Older male elephants acted as teachers and mediators, disciplining younger elephants when conflict occurred. These young bulls know to get in line behind senior elephants. Such social organization is helpful when food and drink start to run out." |
1) Females take care of young elephants, while males live in separate groups.
2) Young chimps choose how to play based on gender (with sticks or actively pushing, jumping, etc.)
Explain two ways in which gender plays a role in the social behaviors/organization of animals in the wild.
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"Do you actually feel warm? (yes/no)"
& "Would you please turn the temperature down?"
The sentence "Do you feel warm?" have can have these two separate meanings, depending on how it is used in context.
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Fight is a general word and can be used to talk about siblings fighting about who gets to choose a TV channel or what to eat for lunch. Compete is more specific and academic. Compete is used to talk about organisms trying to get resources for survival or status.
Explain the difference in register between the word "fight" and the word "compete".
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I don't like spiders, but I am not scared of them. On the other hand, I am terrified of snakes.
I don't like spiders, but I am not scared of them. Snakes, on the other hand, I am very scared of.
On the other hand (both at the beginning and in the middle of a sentence).
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Supporting Detail: In a paragraph explaining the behavior of dogs, or how dogs get food, this sentence tells us a specific example - that dogs search for and get food alone.
Main idea: The paragraph might tell us more about the process dogs use to find food - where do they look, how they use their sense of smell to find food, etc.
Explain how the following sentence could be 1) a supporting idea and 2) a main idea.
"Dogs tend to search for food by themselves." |
1. Sharing resources
2. Travelling together 3. Do favors for each other 4. Building teams 5. Making friends
Describe 3 ways in which office workers and/or wild apes demonstrate cooperation.
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Explain why a dictionary is not enough to help learners use a language appropriately in context.
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