a branch of linguistics that focuses on the study of meanings

The most influential cognitive framework applied to language learning in the 1950s. It claims that learning is the result of habit formation.

First scholar who did child L1 morpheme order studies in the early 1970s.

'A' refers to the properties that are common to all languages and 'B' refers to those that are specific to certain languages

Linguistic ______ is the term used to refer to the underlying knowledge that speakers/hearers have of a language. Chomsky distinguishes this from linguistic performance.

intermediate states or interim grammars of learner language as it moves toward the target L2

a stable state in SLA where learners cease their interlanguage development before they reach target norms despite continuing L2 input and passage of time.

Scholars who applied L1 child morpheme order studies to child L2 acquisition

a linguistic approach to SLA that involves predicting and explaining learner problems based on a comparison of L1 and L2 to determine linguistic similarities and differences

an approach that puts emphasis on the innate capacity of the language learner rather than on external factors of language learning.

a natural ability, usually referring to children's natural ability to learn or acquire language

Tools/measures that universal grammar-based researchers (e.g., generative linguists) use to test hypotheses

This scholar proposed the Monitor Model

This hypothesis claims that children have only a limited number of years during which they can acquire their L1 flawlessly.

This scholar is the most prominent scholar in Contrastive Analysis.

the question of how children achieve the final state of L1 development with ease and success when the linguistic system is very complex and cognitive ability hasn't fully developed

a metaphor used by Chomsky to refer to children's language faculty. Extended to adult SLA by Krashen and others.

This scholar is associated with a theory based on description and analysis of actual learner errors in L2 and believed that errors provide important insights into the interlanguage system.

a linguistic focus that has its roots in the Prague School of Eastern Europe. It emphasizes the meaning of speech and considers language primarily as a system of communication.

a linguistic framework developed most prominently by Chomsky which claims that L1 acquisition can be accounted for only by innate knowledge that humans are genetically endowed with. This knowledge includes what all languages have in common.

a basis for classification of language according to whether a specific feature occurs more frequently than a contrasting element in the same category across languages

explicit correction of inappropriate utterance

This scholar's research initiated typological approaches to language.

This theory proposes that the observed forms of language arise from the optimal satisfaction of conflicting constraints.

Two hypotheses that take a functional approach to L2 development that are discussed in Chapter 7