Carbohydrates | Diabetes | Lipids | Protein | Food Security |
---|---|---|---|---|
Glucose found in plants
Fructose found in fruit Galactose found in milk
Name the three monosaccharides. Where is each commonly found?
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Pre-diabetes = blood glucose elevated but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. Likely to progress into type 2 diabetes.
Gestational diabetes = elevated blood glucose during pregnancy
Define the following: pre-diabetes, gestational diabetes.
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Energy source, raw material, insulation, padding, part of cell membranes
List functions of fat in the body.
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Nitrogen
What element is found in protein but not in carbohydrate or fat?
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Unable to meet food needs due to lack of income, access or other concerns
Define the term food insecurity.
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Sucrose = fructose + glucose
Lactose = glucose + galactose Maltose = glucose + glucose
List the three dissachharides with their monosaccharide constituents.
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Type 1 diabetes = elevated blood glucose due to insulin deficiency
Type 2 diabetes = elevated blood glucose due to insulin resistance
Define the following: type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes.
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Triglycerides - main lipid found in the body and in foods
Phospholipids - able to dissolve in water, part of cell membranes and emulsifiers in foods Sterols - large complex lipid molecules, e.g. cholesterol, vitamin D, steroid hormones
Name and define the three classes of lipids.
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A building block of protein that cannot be produced by the body, must be obtained from diet.
What is an essential amino acid?
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Highest obesity rates occur among those living with poverty, food insecurity
What is the poverty obesity paradox?
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Glycogen, starch, fiber
What are the three classes of complex carbohydrates?
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Blurry vision or blindness; tingling, numbness in extremities; amputation; kidney failure; increased risk of cardiovascular disease
List complications of uncontrolled diabetes.
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Trans fatty acid
Hydrogenated oil is a source of what type of fatty acid?
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A high quality protein contains all essential amino acids, e.g. animal products (meat, fish, poultry, eggs, dairy) and soy.
Define and give food sources of high quality protein.
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Consuming a diet that provides mostly empty calories - more energy but fewer nutrients (e.g. fiber, vitamins, minerals) than needed.
What does it mean to be overfed and undernourished?
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Modified sugars that are only partially digested and absorbed. Provide fewer calories (2 cal/g), lower rise in blood sugar, safer for teeth.
What are sugar alcohols? Why are they beneficial?
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Scale ranking carbohydrate foods based on how quickly they elevate blood sugar.
What is the glycemic index?
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Saturated fat is solid at room temp; found in meat, dairy, coconut. Increases LDL and heart disease risk.
Monounsaturated fat is liquid at room temp; found in olives, avocados, almonds. Decreases LDL and heart disease risk.
Define, list food sources and health effects of the following: saturated fat, monounsaturated fat.
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Fiber and protein
Legumes are a good food source of which two nutrients?
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Community that lacks access to affordable, nutritious food, typically in urban or rural areas.
What is a food desert? Where are they commonly located?
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More fiber, vitamins, minerals than refined grains
What are the nutritional benefits of whole grains?
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A portion of food that provides 15 grams of carbohydrate, e.g. one slice of bread; 1/2 cooked cereal or starchy vegetable; 1/3 cup rice, pasta; small piece of fruit, 1/2 cup fruit juice; 1 cup milk or yogurt.
Define the term carbohydrate choice and give examples of foods that count as one choice.
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Polyunsaturated fat is liquid at room temp; found in fish, nuts, vegetable oils. Decreases LDL and heart disease risk.
Omega-3 fatty acids - found in fish, flaxseed. Decrease heart disease risk by reducing inflammation.
Define, list food sources and health effects of the following: polyunsaturated fat, omega-3 fatty acid.
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Amount of nitrogen consumed vs. excreted. Positive when building tissue (growth, pregnancy, athletes); negative when breaking down tissue (cancer, injury, astronauts).
What is nitrogen balance? Give examples of when positive and negative nitrogen balance occur.
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Food and food-bearing seeds (no tobacco, alcohol, cleaning or personal care products)
SNAP benefits can be used to purchase which items?
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