| chapter 1 | chapter 1 | foodborne diseases | foodborne illness | foodborne disease |
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ground water
The most plentiful form of available water is
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microbiological quality
Waters suitable for drinking water supplies and shellfish rearing are monitored routinely for
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Specific agent- Genus shingella Example: flexneri, sonnei, boydlii, and dysenteriae
reservoir-Feces of carriers and infected persons symptoms- acute onset with diarrhea, fever, tenesmus, frequent stools containing blood and mucus incubation period-1-7 days usally less than 4 days
Shigellosis
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specific agent- campylobacter jejuni
reservoir-chickens, swine, dogs, cats, human, raw milk, contaminated H20 symptoms-watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, blood in stool incubation period- 1-10 days, 2-5 days average
campylobacter enteritis
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Specific Agent- trichinella spiralis
Reservoir- pigs, bears, mild boars, rats, foxes, and wolves symptoms- nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle pain, swelling of face, and eyelids, and last difficulty breathing incubation period- 2-28 days, usually 9 days
Trichinosis
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Waterbrone diseases-Results from ingestion of water that is harboring a pathogen example: Typhoid fever.
water-washed diseases-Spread by fecal-oral route or person to person contact. Facilitated by lack of personal hygiene. water-based infections-Caused by infection arising through ingestion of pathogenic agent Example: guinea worm larvae, Termatode larvae. water-related diseases-Facilitated by insects vector that breed in water: example filariastus abthropods that carry Dengue fever. inhalation of contaminated water aerosols- Legionella Pneumophila
Provide an example for each of the following categories of disease transmission by contaminated water
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2.6 or 3 percent
Only ____% of the global content of water constitutes fresh water.
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specific agent- clostridium botulinum and c para botulinum that produce toxins
reservoir- soil, dust, fruits, veggies, food, mud, fish, animals, and human feces symptoms- GI pain, diarrhea, or constipation, prostration, difficulty swallowing, double vision, difficulty in respiration incubation period- 2 hours to 8 days usually 12-36 hours
botulism
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specific agent- entamoeba histoltica
reservoir-bowel discharge of carriers, and infected persons, possibly rats symptoms-insidious and underminded onset of diarrhea or constipation, loss of appetite, abdominal discomfort, and blood mucus in stool incubation period- 5 days or longer, average 2-4 weeks
amebiasis
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Specific Agent- cryptosporidium Spp
Reservoir- farm animals, human feces, cats, dogs and mice symptoms- mild flu-like symptoms, diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and stomach pain incubation period- 2-21 days, average 2-10 days
cryptospordiosis
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Cyclospora Cayetanensis
The etiologic agent of cyclosporiasis is
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typhoid fever or cholera
A waterborne disease that can be prevented through vaccinations is
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Specific Agent- bacillus cereus, toxins heat labile
reservoir-spores found in wide variety of cereals, spices, veggies, and milk symptoms-vomiting, diarrhea, and nausea incubation period-1-6 hours
Bacillus cereus food poisoning (emetic type)
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specific agent-staphylococci that produces entero-toxin, staphylococcus aureus toxin is stable at boiling temperature
reservoir-skin, mucus membranes, pus, dust, air, sputum, and throat symptoms-acute nausea, vomiting, and prostration, diarrhea, abdominal cramps usually explosive in nature, followed by recovery incubation-1-6 hours or longer, average 2-4 hours
staphylococcus food poisoning
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specific agent- clostridium perfringins a spore former
reservoir- soil, GI tract of human, animals, cattle, poultry, pigs, vermin, and wastes symptoms- sudden abdominal pain then diarrhea, nausea, ingestion of large numbers of vegetative cells that grow in the intestines incubation period- 8-22 hours, usually 10-12 hours
clostridium perfringins food poisoning
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imported Raspberries, Lettuce form South America
A food associated with cyclosporiasis is
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80 percent
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that ______% of all diseases are
attributable to inadequate water or sanitation. |
specific agent-bacillus cereus, toxin heat stable
reservoir- spores found in wide variety of cereals, spices, veggies, and milk symptoms-diarrhea, cramps, and vomiting sometimes incubation period-6-16 hours
Bacillus cereus foodborne illness (diarrheal type)
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specific agent- vibrio comma
reservoir-feces, vomitus carriers symptoms- diarrhea, rice-water stools, vomiting, thirst, pain and coma incubation period-a few hours - 5 days, usually 3 days
cholera
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specific agent- giardia lamblia
reservoir- bowel discharge of carriers and infected persons, dogs, and beavers symptoms- prolonged diarrhea, abdominal cramps, severe weight loss, fatigue, nausea, gas, and fever incubation period- 6-22 days, average 9 days
giardiasis
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Typhoid Fever
Most waterborne disease fatalities occurred before 1940 and were attributed to the waterborne illness
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The low infectious dose for pathogenic viruses and protoza
Viral infections readily spread through drinking water, food and water-contact
recreation activities due to |
specific agent- typhoid bacillus, salmonella typhi
reservoir-feces and urine of typhoid carrier in patient symptoms- general infection characterized by continued fever, usually rose spots on the trunk and diarrhea disturbances incubation period-average 14 days, usually 7-21 days
typhoid fever
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specific agent-yersinia entercolitica, yersinia pseu-dotuberculosis
reservoir-wild and domestic animals, birds, humans, surface water symptoms- diarrhea, cramps fever, headache, vomiting, skin rash, and pseudo-appendicitis incubation period-3-7 days, usually 2-3 days
yersiniosis
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Specific agent- listeria monocytogenes
reservoir- goats, cattle, human, fowl, soil, water, and sewage symptoms- fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, meningeal symptoms incubation period- probably a few days to 3 weeks
listeriosis
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