| Motivation | Exposure and focus on form | Error | Learner needs | Practice activities and tasks for language and skills development |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
-create a pleasant, calm, secure and ordered atmosphere in the classroom
- bring in humour and laughter
The classroom atmosphere to motivate students. What is it like?
|
The time when learners who are beginning to learn a first (or second) language prefer to listen (or read) before producing the
language; e.g. babies have a silent period when they listen to their parents before starting to try to speak themselves.
What is silent period?
|
A mistake that a learner makes when trying to say or write something above their level of language or language processing.
What’s an error?
|
An agreement between the teacher and the learners about their roles and responsibilities. Learner contracts include what the
teacher will do and what the learners will do to create a good classroom experience; e.g. learners agree to respect each other, the teacher agrees to be supportive, etc.
What is learning contract?
|
They give repeated practice in accuracy and the form of language and allow students to make few mistakes. They are mostly used to guide students in using the form of target language. Examples are
- copying words or sentences - jazz chants - drills
What do controlled activities give to students? Give examples of controlled activities.
|
|
- give positive feedback and praise
- make sure your students experience success - accept mistakes - they are a natural part of learning
How can you increase students' self-confidence?
|
acquisition is picking up language . There's lots of exposure to it, we learn it by being surrounded by it. We need to hear and read language which is rich in variety, interesting to us and just beyond our level, but not too difficult. Acquisition takes place over a period of time without our realising that we are learning.
What is language acquisition?
|
When a learner makes a slip they make a language mistake but they are able to correct themselves, e.g. Learner:
He like ice-cream, I mean, he likes ice-cream.
What’s a slip?
|
- Personal needs
- Learning needs - Professional needs
What three kinds of learner needs do you know?
|
These activities focus on fluency, giving students practice in recalling and joining together the language they know and giving them opportunities to try to interact and communicate. Examples are
-discussions, - problem-solving activities, - sharing or comparing ideas - rank ordering/prioritising - writing emails, stories, letters, etc.
What do free activities give to students? Give examples of free activities.
|
|
A
Two of the activities match the advice. One activity does not. Which one?
PERSONALISE THE LEARNING PROCESS: A) Discuss with learners the personal hobbies of some famous politicians B) Ask learners to evaluate the opinions in a text according to their personal experience C) Give learners a task in which they draw and label their favourite foods |
- acquisition (picking up language)
- interacting with others - focusing on form
Three main ways in which we learn a language.
|
- influence from the learner's first language on the second language (interference)
- because learners are experimenting with language they have learnt, but this process in not yet complete (developmental error)
Two main reasons why second language learners make errors.
|
C
Ahmed rarely uses paragraphs or punctuation in his writing. He needs:
A) grammar exercises B) controlled practice activities C) guided writing activities |
D
Students find out information from others by asking questions or using questionnaires in order to practise speaking skills and/or specific language.
A) guided writing B) problem solving C) visualisation D) survey |
|
For example,
Set up a research project. Get learners to look things up on the internet.
How can we encourage students to continue studying outside the classroom?
|
C
I’m going to set my students a project where they have to use the internet and do some research into different aspects of the topic beforehand:
A Focus on form B Silent period C Exposure |
While they are learning a new language, learners create their own version of grammatical systems for the new language which
they use as they are learning. Interlanguage is the most recent version of the language that learners create and is made from rules from their mother tongue and from the rules of the new language. Interlanguage is constantly changing and developing as learners learn more of the new language.
What is interlanguage?
|
Choosing suitable:
- materials and topic - approach to teaching - pace of lessons - activites - treatment of individual learners - skills and language - interaction patterns - types of feedback
How can the teacher address learners' personal needs?
|
Freer activities. Examples:
- role-plays - information-gap activities - sentence completion - gap-fills - survey
What activities are between controlled and free activities? Give examples
|
|
-The usefulness to us of knowing the language well
- our interest in the target language culture - feeling good about learning a language - encouragement and support from others - wishing to communicate with people who matter to us - our interest in the learning process
What factors can influence motivation?
|
C
Two of the activities are examples of the term. One activity is NOT. Which one?
EXPOSURE: A) The class invited an outside speaker to speak to them about the life of young people in her country B) The learners listened to their teacher read them a detective story C) The teacher gave the students an example of the target language |
fossilisation
The process in which incorrect language becomes a habit and cannot easily be corrected.
|
A
Fatima's English is really good but she still makes some elementary mistakes in writing. She needs:
A) proofreading techniques B) peer correction C) grammar rules |
B
A text is divided into two or more different parts. Students listen to or read their part only, then share their information with other students so that in the end everyone knows all the information.
A) jumbled text B) jigsaw listening /reading |
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