Neuroscience | Classical Conditioning | Operant Conditioning | Other Learning Theories | Multiple Intelligences and Mindsets |
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What is the myelin sheath?
The fatty substance that builds onto neurons as they are used to strengthen frequently-used connections
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What is the response?
The part of the experiment that remains the same no matter the stimulus
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What is punishment?
Another word for negative reinforcement
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What is behaviorist learning theory?
The learning theory that uses classical and operant conditioning
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What is g?
This it the variable used to discuss intelligence as general, broad ability
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What is a dendrite?
The part of the neuron responsible for receiving signals (not the soma - what comes off that?)
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Who is Ivan Pavlov?
Creator of the original classical conditioning experiment
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Who is B.F. Skinner?
The inventor of the box used in the famous operant conditioning rat experiment
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What is social learning theory?
Alfred Bandura's learning theory
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What is the growth mindset?
People with this mindset believe they can become more intelligent with time and effort
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What is neuroplasticity?
The ability of the brain to form and reorganize synaptic connections, especially in response to learning or experience or following injury.
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What is the conditioned stimulus/CS?
The bell in the Pavlov experiment
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What is continuous reinforcement?
A reinforcement that occurs after every response
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What is cognitive learning theory?
"Chunking" and mnemonic devices could be techniques used to learn in this learning theory
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What is spatial intelligence?
This type of intelligence could be helpful if you lose your GPS
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What is saltatory conduction?
The type of conduction that occurs when the myelin sheath is present - means "jumping"
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Who is Little Albert?
John Watson's study participant who was subjected to unfair fear generalization from a conditioning experiment with rats
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What is the variable ratio reinforcement schedule?
The type of reinforcement schedule that might, for example, occur every 5, 8, 12, and then 27 trials
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What is cognitive learning theory?
In his theory on development - which has informed this type of learning theory - Jean Piaget described how children learn about object permanence and conservation at different ages
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What is intelligence?
Gardner defines this word as biopsychological potential that can be activated to solve problems or create products of value in a culture
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What is the threshold value of an action potential?
-55 mV
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What is spontaneous recovery?
When the participant suddenly recovers a conditioned response following the stimulus after a period of extinction
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What are fixed reinforcement schedules?
These types of reinforcement schedules are more likely to bursts and lulls of activity surrounding the reward rather than continuous activity
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What is the constructivist learning theory?
This learning theory which best accounts for top-down and bottom-up processing of information
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What is the growth mindset?
People with this mindset are better at estimating their own performance and ability
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