Tsar of Russia from late 1600s to the early 1700s; westernized Russia; made it modern to make it a major European power.

Italian who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution; improved the telescope & made astronomical observations.

English document; Parliament would choose their ruler; couldn't suspend laws w/o Parliament’s consent, among other things.

Protestant group that wanted to purge some beliefs and refine some beliefs of the Church of England. They settled in Massachusetts.

King of England (& Ireland) and Scotland during the 1st ¼ of the 1600s; he ordered a new English translation of the Bible.

King of France from 1610 to 1643. He leaned heavily on his prime minister to govern the kingdom.

An English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, etc. Considered by many to be the greatest & most influential scientist ever.

English law that led to a commercial war with the Dutch; it required that all imports into England be sent in English ships.

Also known as the Pilgrims; Protestants that separated from the corrupt Church of England and eventually settled in Massachusetts.

King of England (& Ireland) and Scotland during the 2nd ¼ of the 1600s. He was executed during the English Civil War.

The longest reigning king in French history (1643-1715). He solidified his power, built Versailles, and cracked down on the Huguenots.

French philosopher, called “the Father of Modern Philosophy”; also “the father of analytical geometry.”

English law that granted freedom of conscience and the right of public worship to non-Anglican Protestants.

In Virginia, it was the first assembly of elected representatives of English colonists in North America.

King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1660-1685, "the Restoration." He was “the Merry Monarch” due to his love of entertainment.

One of the greatest of the Hohenzollerns of Prussia; called the Great Elector. He made several small armies into one strong force.

Mathematician of early 1600s; used mathematics to prove the heliocentric theory of the universe; discovered orbits were ovals.

English law; you can demand to be brought before a judge within a period of time; no unlawful imprisonment.

A series of rebellions in France from 1648-1652; some nobles & peasants unsuccessfully tried to reestablish the power of the nobility.

King of England (& Ireland) and Scotland in the late 1600s; last Roman Catholic monarch; was hated for trying to be an absolute monarch.

King of Sweden (1611-1632). He led Sweden to military supremacy; one of the greatest military commanders of all time.

Perfected and used the microscope to discover bacteria; the first person to see cells; “the Father of Microbiology.”

English political parties; one opposed to absolute rule; one for conservative Anglicans usually.

2nd and last imperial dynasty to rule over Russia, reigning from 1613 until a 1917 overthrow during a revolution.

Not a Charles or James; the Holy Roman Emperor and King of both Bohemia & Hungary in the 1620s & 1630s; suppressed Protestants.